Writing: Science & discovery

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

trend

a general tendency in the way a situation is changing or developing

“The speaker used the word “trend” while explaining the research project problem.”

draft

to write a plan, letter, report etc that will need to be changed before it is in its finished form

“The speaker explains how “draft” is used in a report about the research project.”

initial

to write your initials on a document to make it official or to show that you agree with something

“Learners hear “initial” while following the research project explanation.”

argue

to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way

“In the research project discussion, the verb “argue” describes an action or change.”

compare

a quality that is beyond compare is the best of its kind

“A clear definition of the word “compare” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

dictate

to say words for someone else to write down

“Learners hear “dictate” while following the research project explanation.”

nominal

a very small sum of money, especially when compared with what something would usually cost or what it is worth

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as nominal.”

layman

someone who is not trained in a particular subject or type of work, especially when they are being compared with someone who is

“Learners saw the word “layman” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

prescription

a piece of paper on which a doctor writes what medicine a sick person should have, so that they can get it from a pharmacist

“Learners saw the word “prescription” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

label

to attach a label onto something or write information on something

“In the research project discussion, the verb “label” describes an action or change.”

relative

having a particular quality when compared with something else

“The report describes the research project issue as relative.”

script

The person who scripts a movie or a radio or television play writes it

“The speaker explains how “script” is used in a report about the research project.”

put

to say or write something using words in a particular way

“The speaker explains how “put” is used in a report about the research project.”

autobiography

a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type

“Learners saw the word “autobiography” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

merchandise

to try to sell goods or services using methods such as advertising

“A clear example helps learners use “merchandise” in a sentence about the research project.”

incite

to deliberately encourage people to fight, argue etc

“In the research project discussion, the verb “incite” describes an action or change.”

playwright

someone who writes plays

“A clear definition of the word “playwright” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

warfare

the activity of fighting in a war – used especially when talking about particular methods of fighting

“The research project report includes a section on the word “warfare.””

inscribe

to carefully cut, print, or write words on something, especially on the surface of a stone or coin

“A clear example helps learners use “inscribe” in a sentence about the research project.”

apology

something that you say or write to show that you are sorry for doing something wrong

“A clear definition of the word “apology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

mark

to write or draw on something, so that someone will notice what you have written

“A clear example helps learners use “mark” in a sentence about the research project.”

meek

very quiet and gentle and unwilling to argue with people

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as meek.”

notebook

a book made of plain paper on which you can write notes

“The speaker used the word “notebook” while explaining the research project problem.”

nowadays

now, compared with what happened in the past

“The team responded nowadays when the research project plan changed.”

alchemist

An alchemist was a scientist in the Middle Ages who tried to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold

“Learners saw the word “alchemist” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

commentator

someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, and who writes about it or discusses it on the television or radio

“The speaker used the word “commentator” while explaining the research project problem.”

dial

the round part of a clock, watch, machine etc that has numbers that show you the time or a measurement

“Learners saw the word “dial” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

tremendous

very big, fast, powerful etc

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as tremendous.”

decode

to discover the meaning of a message written in a code (= a set of secret signs or letters )

“In the research project discussion, the verb “decode” describes an action or change.”

immense

extremely large

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as immense.”

investigation

an official attempt to find out the truth about or the cause of something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem

“The research project report includes a section on the word “investigation.””

observer

someone who regularly watches or pays attention to particular things, events, situations etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “observer.””

ask

to speak or write to someone in order to get an answer, information, or a solution

“A clear example helps learners use “ask” in a sentence about the research project.”

blank

an empty space on a piece of paper, where you are supposed to write a word or letter

“The research project report includes a section on the word “blank.””

conscience

the part of your mind that tells you whether what you are doing is morally right or wrong

“Learners saw the word “conscience” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

discover

to find someone or something, either by accident or because you were looking for them

“A clear example helps learners use “discover” in a sentence about the research project.”

horsepower

a unit for measuring the power of an engine, or the power of an engine measured like this

“Learners saw the word “horsepower” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

institute

an organization that has a particular purpose such as scientific or educational work, or the building where this organization is based

“The speaker used the word “institute” while explaining the research project problem.”

level

the amount or degree of something, compared to another amount or degree

“The research project report includes a section on the word “level.””

chemist

a scientist who has special knowledge and training in chemistry

“The speaker used the word “chemist” while explaining the research project problem.”

condemn

to say very strongly that you do not approve of something or someone, especially because you think it is morally wrong

“In the research project discussion, the verb “condemn” describes an action or change.”

exotic

Something that is exotic is unusual and interesting, usually because it comes from or is related to a distant country

“The report describes the research project issue as exotic.”

irritate

to make someone feel annoyed or impatient, especially by doing something many times or for a long period of time

“In the research project discussion, the verb “irritate” describes an action or change.”

latent

something that is latent is present but hidden, and may develop or become more noticeable in the future

“The report describes the research project issue as latent.”

panic

a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness that makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly

“A clear definition of the word “panic” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

physicist

a scientist who has special knowledge and training in physics

“The research project report includes a section on the word “physicist.””

clumsy

moving or doing things in a careless way, especially so that you drop things, knock into things etc

“The speaker uses “clumsy” to characterize the research project situation.”

conclusive

Conclusive evidence shows that something is certainly true

“During the research project discussion, “conclusive” signals a particular quality.”

eligible

an eligible man or woman would be good to marry because they are rich, attractive, and not married

“The speaker uses “eligible” to characterize the research project situation.”

experimental

used for, relating to, or resulting from experiments

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as experimental.”

fluctuate

to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc., especially from one extreme to another

“The speaker explains how “fluctuate” is used in a report about the research project.”

lie

something that you say or write that you know is untrue

“Learners saw the word “lie” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

motivate

to make someone want to achieve something and make them willing to work hard in order to do this

“The speaker explains how “motivate” is used in a report about the research project.”

perspective

a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences

“Learners saw the word “perspective” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

statistic

a single number which represents a fact or measurement

“The research project report includes a section on the word “statistic.””

chalk

to write, mark, or draw something with chalk

“A clear example helps learners use “chalk” in a sentence about the research project.”

compress

to press something or make it smaller so that it takes up less space, or to become smaller

“In the research project discussion, the verb “compress” describes an action or change.”

convert

to change something into a different form, or to change something so that it can be used for a different purpose or in a different way

“The speaker explains how “convert” is used in a report about the research project.”

libel

to write or print a libel against someone

“In the research project discussion, the verb “libel” describes an action or change.”

provision

to provide someone or something with a lot of food and supplies, especially for a journey

“The speaker explains how “provision” is used in a report about the research project.”

resent

to feel angry or upset about a situation or about something that someone has done, especially because you think that it is not fair

“The speaker explains how “resent” is used in a report about the research project.”

stake

to risk losing something that is valuable or important to you on the result of something

“In the research project discussion, the verb “stake” describes an action or change.”

superficial

not studying or looking at something carefully and only seeing the most noticeable things

“During the research project discussion, “superficial” signals a particular quality.”

adopt

to take someone else’s child into your home and legally become its parent

“In the research project discussion, the verb “adopt” describes an action or change.”

confront

to face someone in a threatening way, as though you are going to attack them

“The speaker explains how “confront” is used in a report about the research project.”

conversion

when you change something from one form, purpose, or system to a different one

“Learners saw the word “conversion” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

glimpse

to see someone or something for a moment without getting a complete view of them

“The speaker explains how “glimpse” is used in a report about the research project.”

humble

to show that you are not too proud to ask for something, admit you are wrong etc

“The speaker explains how “humble” is used in a report about the research project.”

implement

to take action or make changes that you have officially decided should happen

“A clear example helps learners use “implement” in a sentence about the research project.”

perception

Someone who has perception realizes or notices things that are not obvious

“The speaker used the word “perception” while explaining the research project problem.”

quantum

a unit of energy in nuclear physics

“A clear definition of the word “quantum” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

coincide

to happen at the same time as something else, especially by chance

“Learners hear “coincide” while following the research project explanation.”

exaggerate

to make something seem better, larger, worse etc than it really is

“The speaker explains how “exaggerate” is used in a report about the research project.”

feedback

advice, criticism etc about how successful or useful something is

“The speaker used the word “feedback” while explaining the research project problem.”

frustrate

to prevent someone’s plans, efforts, or attempts from succeeding

“In the research project discussion, the verb “frustrate” describes an action or change.”

loop

to move in a circular direction that forms the shape of a loop

“Learners hear “loop” while following the research project explanation.”

momentum

the ability to keep increasing, developing, or being more successful

“Learners saw the word “momentum” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

poet

someone who writes poems

“The research project report includes a section on the word “poet.””

portable

a piece of electronic equipment that can be easily carried or moved

“The speaker used the word “portable” while explaining the research project problem.”

uncharted

not marked on any maps

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as uncharted.”

undermine

to gradually make someone or something less strong or effective

“A clear example helps learners use “undermine” in a sentence about the research project.”

cultivate

to prepare and use land for growing crops and plants

“The speaker explains how “cultivate” is used in a report about the research project.”

discharge

to send out gas, liquid, smoke etc, or to allow it to escape

“Learners hear “discharge” while following the research project explanation.”

measurable

able to be measured

“The speaker uses “measurable” to characterize the research project situation.”

reserve

a supply of something kept to be used if it is needed

“The research project report includes a section on the word “reserve.””

rural

happening in or relating to the countryside, not the city

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as rural.”

transparent

if something is transparent, you can see through it

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as transparent.”

classify

to decide what group something belongs to

“Learners hear “classify” while following the research project explanation.”

compensate

to replace or balance the effect of something bad

“A clear example helps learners use “compensate” in a sentence about the research project.”

explore

to discuss or think about something carefully

“A clear example helps learners use “explore” in a sentence about the research project.”

fertile

fertile land or soil is able to produce good crops

“During the research project discussion, “fertile” signals a particular quality.”

hamper

to make it difficult for someone to do something

“The speaker explains how “hamper” is used in a report about the research project.”

pitch

to set up a tent or a camp for a short time

“In the research project discussion, the verb “pitch” describes an action or change.”

plausible

reasonable and likely to be true or successful

“The speaker uses “plausible” to characterize the research project situation.”

reclaim

to get back an amount of money that you have paid

“The speaker explains how “reclaim” is used in a report about the research project.”

reverse

the exact opposite of what has just been mentioned

“The research project report includes a section on the word “reverse.””

static

Something that is static does not move or change

“The report describes the research project issue as static.”

transcend

to go beyond the usual limits of something

“Learners hear “transcend” while following the research project explanation.”

vertical

the direction of something that is vertical

“Learners saw the word “vertical” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

commodity

a product that is bought and sold

“The speaker used the word “commodity” while explaining the research project problem.”

compel

to force someone to do something

“In the research project discussion, the verb “compel” describes an action or change.”

emerge

to appear or come out from somewhere

“The speaker explains how “emerge” is used in a report about the research project.”

emit

to send out gas, heat, light, sound etc

“A clear example helps learners use “emit” in a sentence about the research project.”

paramount

more important than anything else

“During the research project discussion, “paramount” signals a particular quality.”

sanction

to officially accept or allow something

“A clear example helps learners use “sanction” in a sentence about the research project.”

barometer

an instrument that measures changes in the air pressure and the weather, or that calculates height above sea level

“The speaker used the word “barometer” while explaining the research project problem.”

mention

to talk or write about something or someone, usually quickly and without saying very much or giving details

“Learners hear “mention” while following the research project explanation.”

organizational

Organizational abilities and methods relate to the way that work, activities, or events are planned and arranged

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as organizational.”

rewrite

to change something that has been written, especially in order to improve it, or because new information is available

“Learners hear “rewrite” while following the research project explanation.”

shortcut

A shortcut is a method of achieving something more quickly or more easily than if you use the usual methods

“The research project report includes a section on the word “shortcut.””

test

a set of questions, exercises, or practical activities to measure someone’s skill, ability, or knowledge

“The research project report includes a section on the word “test.””

alchemy

a science studied in the Middle Ages, that involved trying to change ordinary metals into gold

“A clear definition of the word “alchemy” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

appetite

a desire for food

“The research project report includes a section on the word “appetite.””

deteriorate

to become worse

“In the research project discussion, the verb “deteriorate” describes an action or change.”

juxtapose

to put things together, especially things that are not normally together, in order to compare them or to make something new

“A clear example helps learners use “juxtapose” in a sentence about the research project.”

tabulate

to arrange figures or information together in a set or a list, so that they can be easily compared

“Learners hear “tabulate” while following the research project explanation.”

telex

a method of communica-tion, in which messages are written on a special machine and then sent using the telephone network

“Learners saw the word “telex” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

week

a period of seven days and nights, usually measured in Britain from Monday to Sunday and in the US from Sunday to Saturday

“The research project report includes a section on the word “week.””

yardstick

something that you compare another thing with, in order to judge how good or successful it is

“Learners saw the word “yardstick” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

disagreement

a situation in which people express different opinions about something and sometimes argue

“The research project report includes a section on the word “disagreement.””

pinpoint

to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem

“The speaker explains how “pinpoint” is used in a report about the research project.”

postdate

if you postdate a cheque, you write it with a date that is later than the actual date, so that it will not become effective until that time

“In the research project discussion, the verb “postdate” describes an action or change.”

science

knowledge about the world, especially based on examining, testing, and proving facts

“In this research project, the word “science” helps express a precise idea.”

methodical

a methodical way of doing something is careful and uses an ordered system

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as methodical.”

physiology

the science that studies the way in which the bodies of living things work

“A clear definition of the word “physiology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

time

the thing that is measured in minutes, hours, days, years etc using clocks

“A clear definition of the word “time” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

botanist

someone whose job is to make scientific studies of wild plants

“The research project report includes a section on the word “botanist.””

chaos

a situation in which everything is happening in a confused way and nothing is organized or arranged in order

“Learners saw the word “chaos” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

chemical

a substance used in chemistry or produced by a chemical process

“Learners saw the word “chemical” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

gland

an organ of the body which produces a substance that the body needs, such as hormones, sweat, or saliva

“Learners saw the word “gland” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

insulate

to cover or protect something with a material that stops electricity, sound, heat etc from getting in or out

“The speaker explains how “insulate” is used in a report about the research project.”

intervene

to become involved in an argument, fight, or other difficult situation in order to change what happens

“In the research project discussion, the verb “intervene” describes an action or change.”

lease

a legal agreement which allows you to use a building, car etc for a period of time, in return for rent

“Learners saw the word “lease” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

radiate

if someone radiates a feeling, or if it radiates from them, it is very easy to see that this is how they feel

“Learners hear “radiate” while following the research project explanation.”

rehabilitate

to help someone to live a healthy, useful, or active life again after they have been seriously ill or in prison

“Learners hear “rehabilitate” while following the research project explanation.”

revenue

money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services

“Learners saw the word “revenue” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

reversal

A reversal of a process, policy, or trend is a complete change in it

“The research project report includes a section on the word “reversal.””

soak

to put sth in liquid for a time so that it becomes completely wet; to become completely wet in this wa

“Learners hear “soak” while following the research project explanation.”

approximate

an approximate number, amount, or time is close to the exact number, amount etc, but could be a little bit more or less than it

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as approximate.”

autopsy

an examination of a dead body to discover the cause of death

“The speaker used the word “autopsy” while explaining the research project problem.”

disdain

a complete lack of respect that you show for someone or something because you think they are not important or good enough

“In the research project discussion, the verb “disdain” describes an action or change.”

embed

to put something firmly and deeply into something else, or to be put into something in this way

“The speaker explains how “embed” is used in a report about the research project.”

impulse

a sudden strong desire to do something without thinking about whether it is a sensible thing to do

“A clear definition of the word “impulse” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

incur

if you incur a cost, debt, or a fine, you have to pay money because of something you have done

“The speaker explains how “incur” is used in a report about the research project.”

irony

a situation that is unusual or amusing because something strange happens, or the opposite of what is expected happens or is true

“The speaker used the word “irony” while explaining the research project problem.”

patent

to obtain a special document giving you the right to make or sell a new invention or product

“In the research project discussion, the verb “patent” describes an action or change.”

prevail

if a belief, custom, situation etc prevails, it exists among a group of people at a certain time

“A clear example helps learners use “prevail” in a sentence about the research project.”

resilience

the ability to become strong, happy, or successful again after a difficult situation or event

“A clear definition of the word “resilience” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

retail

the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else

“The speaker explains how “retail” is used in a report about the research project.”

souvenir

an object that you buy or keep to remind yourself of a special occasion or a place you have visited

“A clear definition of the word “souvenir” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

stain

a mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid such as blood, coffee, or ink

“A clear definition of the word “stain” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

vicious

very unkind in a way that is intended to hurt someone’s feelings or make their character seem bad

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as vicious.”

writer

someone who writes books, stories etc, especially as a job

“The speaker used the word “writer” while explaining the research project problem.”

abnormal

very different from usual in a way that seems strange, worrying, wrong, or dangerous

“The report describes the research project issue as abnormal.”

compatible

if two pieces of computer equipment are compatible, they can be used together, especially when they are made by different companies

“The report describes the research project issue as compatible.”

erosion

the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind, rain, or the sea

“A clear definition of the word “erosion” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

grind

to make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine

“In the research project discussion, the verb “grind” describes an action or change.”

hatch

a hole in a ship or aircraft, usually used for loading goods, or the door that covers it

“The research project report includes a section on the word “hatch.””

induce

to persuade someone to do something, especially something that does not seem wise

“In the research project discussion, the verb “induce” describes an action or change.”

juvenile

A juvenile is a child or young person who is not yet old enough to be regarded as an adult

“Learners saw the word “juvenile” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

metallurgy

the scientific study of metals and their uses

“Learners saw the word “metallurgy” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

precarious

a precarious situation or state is one which may very easily or quickly become worse

“The speaker uses “precarious” to characterize the research project situation.”

priority

the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything else

“Learners saw the word “priority” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

programmer

someone whose job is to write computer programs

“The research project report includes a section on the word “programmer.””

topic

a subject that people talk or write about

“A clear definition of the word “topic” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

adjacent

a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to it

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as adjacent.”

avalanche

a large mass of snow, ice, and rocks that falls down the side of a mountain

“A clear definition of the word “avalanche” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

biologist

someone who studies or works in biology

“The research project report includes a section on the word “biologist.””

concede

to admit that something is true or correct, although you wish it were not true

“The speaker explains how “concede” is used in a report about the research project.”

dormant

not active or not growing at the present time but able to be active later

“The speaker uses “dormant” to characterize the research project situation.”

impetus

an influence that makes something happen or makes it happen more quickly

“A clear definition of the word “impetus” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

medieval

connected with the Middle Ages ( the period between about 1100 and 1500 AD )

“During the research project discussion, “medieval” signals a particular quality.”

metaphysical

concerned with the study of metaphysics

“The report describes the research project issue as metaphysical.”

oceanography

the scientific study of the ocean

“The research project report includes a section on the word “oceanography.””

pamphlet

a very thin book with paper covers, that gives information about something

“A clear definition of the word “pamphlet” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

pedestrian

someone who is walking, especially along a street or other place used by cars

“A clear definition of the word “pedestrian” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

scribble

to write something quickly and untidily

“Learners hear “scribble” while following the research project explanation.”

spacious

a spacious house, room etc is large and has plenty of space to move around in

“During the research project discussion, “spacious” signals a particular quality.”

squabble

to argue about something unimportant

“A clear example helps learners use “squabble” in a sentence about the research project.”

stimulus

something that helps a process to develop more quickly or more strongly

“Learners saw the word “stimulus” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

stripe

a line of colour, especially one of several lines of colour all close together

“A clear definition of the word “stripe” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

analogy

something that seems similar between two situations, processes etc

“A clear definition of the word “analogy” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

asset

the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts

“The research project report includes a section on the word “asset.””

carve

to make an object or pattern by cutting a piece of wood or stone

“The speaker explains how “carve” is used in a report about the research project.”

chase

to quickly follow someone or something in order to catch them

“In the research project discussion, the verb “chase” describes an action or change.”

composer

someone who writes music

“The research project report includes a section on the word “composer.””

conviction

the feeling of being sure about something and having no doubts

“The research project report includes a section on the word “conviction.””

fare

the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc

“Learners saw the word “fare” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

horizon

the line far away where the land or sea seems to meet the sky

“The speaker used the word “horizon” while explaining the research project problem.”

inflation

a continuing increase in prices, or the rate at which prices increase

“The research project report includes a section on the word “inflation.””

manifest

a list of passengers or goods carried on a ship, plane, or train

“A clear definition of the word “manifest” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

novelist

someone who writes novels

“The research project report includes a section on the word “novelist.””

pine

a tall tree with long hard sharp leaves that do not fall off in winter

“The research project report includes a section on the word “pine.””

premium

the cost of insurance, especially the amount that you pay each year

“A clear definition of the word “premium” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

repel

to make someone who is attacking you go away, by fighting them

“In the research project discussion, the verb “repel” describes an action or change.”

restrain

to stop someone from doing something, often by using physical force

“In the research project discussion, the verb “restrain” describes an action or change.”

resume

to start doing something again after stopping or being interrupted

“The speaker explains how “resume” is used in a report about the research project.”

satirist

someone who writes satire

“A clear definition of the word “satirist” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

scrap

to decide not to use a plan or system because it is not practical

“The speaker explains how “scrap” is used in a report about the research project.”

scrape

a mark or slight injury caused by rubbing against a rough surface

“Learners saw the word “scrape” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

strip

to remove something that is covering the surface of something else

“Learners hear “strip” while following the research project explanation.”

subsidiary

a company that is owned or controlled by another larger company

“A clear definition of the word “subsidiary” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

tariff

a tax on goods coming into a country or going out of a country

“The research project report includes a section on the word “tariff.””

trigger

to make something happen very quickly, especially a series of events

“In the research project discussion, the verb “trigger” describes an action or change.”

abuse

to treat someone in a cruel and violent way, often sexually

“In the research project discussion, the verb “abuse” describes an action or change.”

access

the way you use to enter a building or reach a place

“Learners saw the word “access” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

advent

the time when something first begins to be widely used

“Learners saw the word “advent” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

aggravate

to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse

“Learners hear “aggravate” while following the research project explanation.”

cereal

a breakfast food made from grain and usually eaten with milk

“The research project report includes a section on the word “cereal.””

configuration

the combination of equipment needed to run a computer system

“The research project report includes a section on the word “configuration.””

deplete

To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it

“A clear example helps learners use “deplete” in a sentence about the research project.”

dwindle

to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller

“A clear example helps learners use “dwindle” in a sentence about the research project.”

eject

to make someone leave a place or building by using force

“A clear example helps learners use “eject” in a sentence about the research project.”

excavate

to make a hole in the ground by digging up soil etc

“The speaker explains how “excavate” is used in a report about the research project.”

extinct

an extinct type of animal or plant does not exist any more

“During the research project discussion, “extinct” signals a particular quality.”

foil

to prevent something bad that someone is planning to do

“Learners hear “foil” while following the research project explanation.”

hawk

a large bird that hunts and eats small birds and animals

“A clear definition of the word “hawk” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

hinder

to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed

“Learners hear “hinder” while following the research project explanation.”

impair

to damage something or make it not as good as it should be

“Learners hear “impair” while following the research project explanation.”

limb

an arm or a leg; a similar part of an animal, such as a wing

“The research project report includes a section on the word “limb.””

marsh

an area of low flat ground that is always wet and soft

“A clear definition of the word “marsh” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

merge

to combine, or to join things together to form one thing

“In the research project discussion, the verb “merge” describes an action or change.”

obstacle

something that makes it difficult to achieve some­thing

“The speaker used the word “obstacle” while explaining the research project problem.”

perimeter

the whole length of the border around an area or shape

“The speaker used the word “perimeter” while explaining the research project problem.”

polish

an act of polishing a surface to make it smooth and shiny

“A clear definition of the word “polish” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

preserve

to save something or someone from being harmed or destroyed

“In the research project discussion, the verb “preserve” describes an action or change.”

simultaneous

things that are simultaneous happen at exactly the same time

“The speaker uses “simultaneous” to characterize the research project situation.”

spark

to be the cause of something, especially trouble or violence

“The speaker explains how “spark” is used in a report about the research project.”

steep

a road, hill etc that is steep slopes at a high angle

“The speaker uses “steep” to characterize the research project situation.”

toxic

containing poison, or caused by poisonous substances

“During the research project discussion, “toxic” signals a particular quality.”

transition

when something changes from one form or state to another

“A clear definition of the word “transition” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

trim

to make something look neater by cutting small pieces off it

“In the research project discussion, the verb “trim” describes an action or change.”

vegetation

Plants, trees, and flowers can be referred to as vegetation

“Learners saw the word “vegetation” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

virus

a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses

“The speaker used the word “virus” while explaining the research project problem.”

amplify

to make sound louder, especially musical sound

“Learners hear “amplify” while following the research project explanation.”

descend

to move from a higher level to a lower one

“Learners hear “descend” while following the research project explanation.”

evoke

to produce a strong feeling or memory in someone

“Learners hear “evoke” while following the research project explanation.”

fragile

weak and uncertain; easily destroyed or spoilt

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as fragile.”

glide

to move smoothly and quietly, as if without effort

“The speaker explains how “glide” is used in a report about the research project.”

insert

to put something inside or into something else

“The speaker explains how “insert” is used in a report about the research project.”

intelligible

Something that is intelligible can be understood

“The report describes the research project issue as intelligible.”

log

to make an official record of events, facts etc

“Learners hear “log” while following the research project explanation.”

magnitude

the great size or importance of something

“Learners saw the word “magnitude” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

propel

to move, drive, or push something forward

“Learners hear “propel” while following the research project explanation.”

residence

a house, especially a large or official one

“Learners saw the word “residence” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

resort

a place where a lot of people go for holidays

“A clear definition of the word “resort” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

sufficient

as much as is needed for a particular purpose

“The report describes the research project issue as sufficient.”

temper

a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily

“The speaker used the word “temper” while explaining the research project problem.”

absurd

completely stupid or unreasonable

“The speaker uses “absurd” to characterize the research project situation.”

cosmic

relating to space or the universe

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as cosmic.”