TOEFL iBT Science and technology

Academic Foundations: Science & discovery

High-utility language for lectures, readings, and classroom ideas. Focus: science & discovery.

Independent TOEFL iBT study resource — not official exam material.

Teens and up
Environment & science
Confident · B2
250 words

Play word detective with these words All 6 ways to practise

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

scientific: about or related to science, or using its methods; “The speaker uses “scientific” to characterize the research project situation.”
experiment: to try using various ideas, methods etc to find out how good or effective they are; “The speaker explains how “experiment” is used in a report about the research project.”
biology: the scientific study of living things; “The speaker used the word “biology” while explaining the research project problem.”
feasible: a plan, idea, or method that is feasible is possible and is likely to work; “During the research project discussion, “feasible” signals a particular quality.”
instrument: a small tool used in work such as science or medicine; “The speaker used the word “instrument” while explaining the research project problem.”
chemistry: the science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other; “The research project report includes a section on the word “chemistry.””
apparatus: the set of tools and machines that you use for a particular scientific, medical, or technical purpose; “The speaker used the word “apparatus” while explaining the research project problem.”
formula: a method or set of principles that you use to solve a problem or to make sure that something is successful; “Learners saw the word “formula” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
circumference: the distance or measurement around the outside of a circle or any round shape; “A clear definition of the word “circumference” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
anthropology: the scientific study of people, their societies, culture s etc; “Learners saw the word “anthropology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
microscope: a scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger; “The research project report includes a section on the word “microscope.””
verify: to discover whether something is correct or true; “The speaker explains how “verify” is used in a report about the research project.”
voltage: electrical force measured in volts; “Learners saw the word “voltage” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
experimentation: the process of testing various ideas, methods etc to find out how good or effective they are; “The research project report includes a section on the word “experimentation.””
quantifiable: Something that is quantifiable can be measured or counted in a scientific way; “The speaker uses “quantifiable” to characterize the research project situation.”
organic: relating to farming or gardening methods of growing food without using artificial chemicals, or produced or grown by these methods; “During the research project discussion, “organic” signals a particular quality.”
mainstream: the most usual ideas or methods, or the people who have these ideas or methods; “The speaker used the word “mainstream” while explaining the research project problem.”
revolution: a complete change in ways of thinking, methods of working etc; “A clear definition of the word “revolution” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
vogue: a popular and fashionable style, activity, method etc; “Learners saw the word “vogue” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
collaboration: when you work together with another person or group to achieve something, especially in science or art; “The speaker used the word “collaboration” while explaining the research project problem.”
graph: a drawing that uses a line or lines to show how two or more sets of measurements are related to each other; “Learners saw the word “graph” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
replicate: if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again; “The speaker explains how “replicate” is used in a report about the research project.”
theoretical: relating to the study of ideas, especially scientific ideas, rather than with practical uses of the ideas or practical experience; “The report describes the research project issue as theoretical.”
photogrammetry: the process of making measurements from photographs, used esp in the construction of maps from aerial photographs and also in military intelligence, medical and industrial research, etc; “Learners saw the word “photogrammetry” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
physics: the science concerned with the study of physical objects and substances, and of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement; “A clear definition of the word “physics” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
thermometer: a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air, of your body etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “thermometer.””
anatomy: the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies; “The speaker used the word “anatomy” while explaining the research project problem.”
length: the measurement of how long something is from one end to the other; “Learners saw the word “length” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
quantity: an amount of something that can be counted or measured; “A clear definition of the word “quantity” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
unit: an amount of something used as a standard of measurement; “The research project report includes a section on the word “unit.””
measurement: the length, height etc of something; “Learners saw the word “measurement” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
botany: the scientific study of plants; “The speaker used the word “botany” while explaining the research project problem.”
relativity: the relationship in physics between time, space, and movement according to Einstein’s theory; “The speaker used the word “relativity” while explaining the research project problem.”
research: to study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new facts or test new ideas; “The speaker explains how “research” is used in a report about the research project.”
cubic: relating to a measurement of space which is calculated by multiplying the length of something by its width and height; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as cubic.”
sophisticated: a sophisticated machine, system, method etc is very well designed and very advanced, and often works in a complicated way; “The report describes the research project issue as sophisticated.”
supersede: if a new idea, product, or method supersedes another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective; “In the research project discussion, the verb “supersede” describes an action or change.”
topography: the science of describing an area of land, or making maps of it; “The speaker used the word “topography” while explaining the research project problem.”
weight: how heavy something is when you measure it; “The research project report includes a section on the word “weight.””
astrophysics: the scientific study of the chemical structure of the stars and the forces that influence them; “The research project report includes a section on the word “astrophysics.””
data: information or facts; “Learners saw the word “data” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
forensic: relating to the scientific methods used for finding out about a crime; “The speaker uses “forensic” to characterize the research project situation.”
microbiology: the scientific study of very small living things such as bacteria; “A clear definition of the word “microbiology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
technology: new machines, equipment, and ways of doing things that are based on modern knowledge about science and computers; “The research project report includes a section on the word “technology.””
biochemistry: the scientific study of the chemistry of living things; “Learners saw the word “biochemistry” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
collaborate: to work together with a person or group in order to achieve something, especially in science or art; “In the research project discussion, the verb “collaborate” describes an action or change.”
investigate: to try to find out the truth about something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem; “A clear example helps learners use “investigate” in a sentence about the research project.”
measure: to find the size, length, or amount of something, using standard units such as inch es ,metres etc; “Learners hear “measure” while following the research project explanation.”
pantomime: a method of performing using only actions and not words, or a play performed using this method; “Learners saw the word “pantomime” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
orthodox: orthodox ideas, methods, or behaviour are accepted by most people to be correct and right; “During the research project discussion, “orthodox” signals a particular quality.”
hallmark: an idea, method, or quality that is typical of a particular person or thing; “The research project report includes a section on the word “hallmark.””
transport: a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another; “The speaker used the word “transport” while explaining the research project problem.”
rigid: rigid methods, systems etc are very strict and difficult to change; “During the research project discussion, “rigid” signals a particular quality.”
arithmetic: the science of numbers involving adding, multiplying etc; “Learners saw the word “arithmetic” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
botanical: relating to plants or the scientific study of plants; “The speaker uses “botanical” to characterize the research project situation.”
aviation: the science or practice of flying in aircraft; “A clear definition of the word “aviation” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
innovate: to start to use new ideas, methods, or inventions; “In the research project discussion, the verb “innovate” describes an action or change.”
meteorology: the scientific study of weather conditions; “Learners saw the word “meteorology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
evidence: to show that something exists or is true; “A clear example helps learners use “evidence” in a sentence about the research project.”
observe: to watch something or someone carefully; “Learners hear “observe” while following the research project explanation.”
quantum: a unit of energy in nuclear physics; “A clear definition of the word “quantum” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
rationalism: the belief that your actions should be based on scientific thinking rather than emotions or religious beliefs; “A clear definition of the word “rationalism” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
detect: to notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc; “The speaker explains how “detect” is used in a report about the research project.”
timer: an instrument that you use to measure time, when you are doing something such as cooking; “The speaker used the word “timer” while explaining the research project problem.”
theory: an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially an idea that has not yet been proved to be true; “A clear definition of the word “theory” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
transportation: a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another; “The research project report includes a section on the word “transportation.””
metric: using or connected with the metric system of weights and measures; “The report describes the research project issue as metric.”
acreage: the area of a piece of land measured in acres; “The research project report includes a section on the word “acreage.””
breakthrough: an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time; “Learners saw the word “breakthrough” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
conventional: a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type; “The report describes the research project issue as conventional.”
notation: a system of written marks or signs used to represent something such as music, mathematics, or scientific ideas; “The research project report includes a section on the word “notation.””
calculable: something that is calculable can be measured by using numbers, or studying the facts available; “The report describes the research project issue as calculable.”
ecology: the way in which plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment, or the scientific study of this; “Learners saw the word “ecology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
scholar: someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, especially one that is not a science subject; “The research project report includes a section on the word “scholar.””
photography: the art, profession, or method of producing photographs or the scenes in films; “The speaker used the word “photography” while explaining the research project problem.”
sociology: the scientific study of societies and the behaviour of people in groups; “The research project report includes a section on the word “sociology.””
telegraph: an old-fashioned method of sending messages using radio or electrical signals; “The research project report includes a section on the word “telegraph.””
merchandise: to try to sell goods or services using methods such as advertising; “A clear example helps learners use “merchandise” in a sentence about the research project.”
conclusive: Conclusive evidence shows that something is certainly true; “During the research project discussion, “conclusive” signals a particular quality.”
experimental: used for, relating to, or resulting from experiments; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as experimental.”
astronomy: the scientific study of the stars and planet s; “The research project report includes a section on the word “astronomy.””
temperature: a measure of how hot or cold a place or thing is; “Learners saw the word “temperature” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
barometer: an instrument that measures changes in the air pressure and the weather, or that calculates height above sea level; “The speaker used the word “barometer” while explaining the research project problem.”
navigation: the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another; “The research project report includes a section on the word “navigation.””
alchemy: a science studied in the Middle Ages, that involved trying to change ordinary metals into gold; “A clear definition of the word “alchemy” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
tailor: someone whose job is to make men’s clothes, that are measured to fit each customer perfectly; “A clear definition of the word “tailor” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
conference: a large formal meeting where a lot of people discuss important matters such as business, politics, or science, especially for several days; “The research project report includes a section on the word “conference.””
pinpoint: to discover or explain exactly the real facts about something or the cause of a problem; “The speaker explains how “pinpoint” is used in a report about the research project.”
sensor: a piece of equipment used for discovering the presence of light, heat, movement etc; “Learners saw the word “sensor” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
diagnostic: relating to or used for discovering what is wrong with someone or something; “The speaker uses “diagnostic” to characterize the research project situation.”
physiology: the science that studies the way in which the bodies of living things work; “A clear definition of the word “physiology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
stylistic: relating to the particular way an artist, writer, musician etc makes or performs something, especially the technical features or methods they use; “The report describes the research project issue as stylistic.”
empirical: based on scientific testing or practical experience, not on ideas; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as empirical.”
aeronautics: the science of designing and flying planes; “Learners saw the word “aeronautics” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
agriculture: the practice or science of farming; “A clear definition of the word “agriculture” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
biologist: someone who studies or works in biology; “The research project report includes a section on the word “biologist.””
decrease: to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this; “In the research project discussion, the verb “decrease” describes an action or change.”
depress: to prevent an economy from being as active and successful as it usually is; “Learners hear “depress” while following the research project explanation.”
dialect: a form of a language which is spoken only in one area, with words or grammar that are slightly different from other forms of the same language; “Learners saw the word “dialect” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
diverse: If a group of things is diverse, it is made up of a wide variety of things; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as diverse.”
embrace: to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way; “A clear example helps learners use “embrace” in a sentence about the research project.”
expand: to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger; “In the research project discussion, the verb “expand” describes an action or change.”
hazard: to risk losing your money, property etc in an attempt to gain something; “Learners hear “hazard” while following the research project explanation.”
innovation: the introduction of new ideas or methods; “The speaker used the word “innovation” while explaining the research project problem.”
issue: a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter that affects the interests of a lot of people; “The speaker used the word “issue” while explaining the research project problem.”
liberal: allowing people or organizations a lot of political or economic freedom; “During the research project discussion, “liberal” signals a particular quality.”
maintain: to make something continue in the same way or at the same standard as before; “The speaker explains how “maintain” is used in a report about the research project.”
moderate: to make something less extreme or violent, or to become less extreme or violent; “The speaker explains how “moderate” is used in a report about the research project.”
opponent: someone who you try to defeat in a competition, game, fight, or argument; “A clear definition of the word “opponent” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
privilege: a special advantage that is given only to one person or group of people; “A clear definition of the word “privilege” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
qualify: to have the right to have or do something, or to give someone this right; “A clear example helps learners use “qualify” in a sentence about the research project.”
relevant: directly relating to the subject or problem being discussed or considered; “The speaker uses “relevant” to characterize the research project situation.”
scale: the size or level of something, or the amount that something is happening; “The research project report includes a section on the word “scale.””
status: the official legal position or condition of a person, group, country etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “status.””
stock: a supply of a particular type of thing that a shop has available to sell; “The research project report includes a section on the word “stock.””
superior: someone who has a higher rank or position than you, especially in a job; “The speaker used the word “superior” while explaining the research project problem.”
transfer: the act of changing from one bus, aircraft etc to another while travelling; “The speaker used the word “transfer” while explaining the research project problem.”
trial: a process of testing to find out whether something works effectively and is safe; “The research project report includes a section on the word “trial.””
appeal: to make a serious public request for help, money, information etc; “A clear example helps learners use “appeal” in a sentence about the research project.”
commit: to decide to use money, time, people etc for a particular purpose; “The speaker explains how “commit” is used in a report about the research project.”
component: the component parts of something are the parts that it consists of; “During the research project discussion, “component” signals a particular quality.”
convey: to communicate or express something, with or without using words; “In the research project discussion, the verb “convey” describes an action or change.”
demonstrate: to show or describe how to do something or how something works; “Learners hear “demonstrate” while following the research project explanation.”
dismiss: to tell someone that they are allowed to go, or are no longer needed; “In the research project discussion, the verb “dismiss” describes an action or change.”
disturb: to interrupt someone so that they cannot continue what they are doing; “The speaker explains how “disturb” is used in a report about the research project.”
eliminate: to completely get rid of something that is unnecessary or unwanted; “In the research project discussion, the verb “eliminate” describes an action or change.”
literature: books, plays, poems etc that people think are important and good; “The speaker used the word “literature” while explaining the research project problem.”
perceive: to understand or think of something or someone in a particular way; “A clear example helps learners use “perceive” in a sentence about the research project.”
permanent: continuing to exist for a long time or for all the time in the future; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as permanent.”
personnel: the people who work in a company, organization, or military force; “Learners saw the word “personnel” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
precise: precise information, details etc are exact, clear, and correct; “During the research project discussion, “precise” signals a particular quality.”
procedure: a way of doing something, especially the correct or usual way; “The speaker used the word “procedure” while explaining the research project problem.”
reasonable: A reasonable amount of something is a fairly large amount of it; “The report describes the research project issue as reasonable.”
solution: a way of solving a problem or dealing with a difficult situation; “The speaker used the word “solution” while explaining the research project problem.”
square: having four straight equal sides and 90˚ angles at the corners; “The speaker uses “square” to characterize the research project situation.”
tension: a nervous worried feeling that makes it impossible for you to relax; “The research project report includes a section on the word “tension.””
typical: having the usual features or qualities of a particular group or thing; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as typical.”
utility: a service such as gas or electricity provided for people to use; “The research project report includes a section on the word “utility.””
abandon: to leave someone, especially someone you are responsible for; “A clear example helps learners use “abandon” in a sentence about the research project.”
access: the way you use to enter a building or reach a place; “Learners saw the word “access” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
accommodate: to provide someone with a place to stay, live, or work; “The speaker explains how “accommodate” is used in a report about the research project.”
acute: an acute illness or disease quickly becomes very serious; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as acute.”
edge: the part of an object that is furthest from its centre; “The speaker used the word “edge” while explaining the research project problem.”
encounter: to experience something, especially problems or opposition; “A clear example helps learners use “encounter” in a sentence about the research project.”
enforce: to make something happen or force someone to do something; “Learners hear “enforce” while following the research project explanation.”
excess: a larger amount of something than is allowed or needed; “A clear definition of the word “excess” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
execute: to kill someone, especially legally as a punishment; “A clear example helps learners use “execute” in a sentence about the research project.”
interval: the period of time between two events, activities etc; “The speaker used the word “interval” while explaining the research project problem.”
proportion: A proportion of a group or an amount is a part of it; “The research project report includes a section on the word “proportion.””
range: the limits within which amounts, quantities, ages etc vary; “The speaker used the word “range” while explaining the research project problem.”
recover: to get better after an illness, accident, shock etc; “Learners hear “recover” while following the research project explanation.”
regulate: to control an activity or process, especially by rules; “The speaker explains how “regulate” is used in a report about the research project.”
release: to let someone go free, after having kept them somewhere; “The speaker explains how “release” is used in a report about the research project.”
schedule: to plan that something will happen at a particular time; “The speaker explains how “schedule” is used in a report about the research project.”
sensitive: easily upset or offended by events or things that people say; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as sensitive.”
stimulate: to encourage or help an activity to begin or develop further; “In the research project discussion, the verb “stimulate” describes an action or change.”
terminal: a terminal illness cannot be cured, and causes death; “The report describes the research project issue as terminal.”
triumph: an important victory or success after a difficult struggle; “The speaker used the word “triumph” while explaining the research project problem.”
volume: the amount of sound produced by a television, radio etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “volume.””
acquire: to obtain something by buying it or being given it; “Learners hear “acquire” while following the research project explanation.”
annual: a plant that lives for one year or season; “A clear definition of the word “annual” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
assemble: to put all the parts of something together; “In the research project discussion, the verb “assemble” describes an action or change.”
curve: a line that gradually bends like part of a circle; “The speaker used the word “curve” while explaining the research project problem.”
destination: the place that someone or something is going to; “Learners saw the word “destination” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
dimension: a part of a situation or a quality involved in it; “Learners saw the word “dimension” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
exceed: to be more than a particular number or amount; “Learners hear “exceed” while following the research project explanation.”
liable: legally responsible for the cost of something; “The speaker uses “liable” to characterize the research project situation.”
temporary: continuing for only a limited period of time; “During the research project discussion, “temporary” signals a particular quality.”
output: the information produced by a computer; “The speaker used the word “output” while explaining the research project problem.”
participate: to take part in an activity or event; “Learners hear “participate” while following the research project explanation.”
promote: to help something to develop or increase; “Learners hear “promote” while following the research project explanation.”
subsequent: happening or coming after something else; “During the research project discussion, “subsequent” signals a particular quality.”
alchemist: An alchemist was a scientist in the Middle Ages who tried to discover how to change ordinary metals into gold; “Learners saw the word “alchemist” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
collaborator: someone who works with other people or groups in order to achieve something, especially in science or art; “The research project report includes a section on the word “collaborator.””
definite: clearly known, seen, or stated; “The report describes the research project issue as definite.”
enormous: very big in size or in amount; “The report describes the research project issue as enormous.”
median: the middle number or measurement in a set of numbers or measurements that have been arranged in order; “Learners saw the word “median” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
Museum: a building where important cultural , historical, or scientific objects are kept and shown to the public; “The research project report includes a section on the word “museum.””
tremendous: very big, fast, powerful etc; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as tremendous.”
decode: to discover the meaning of a message written in a code (= a set of secret signs or letters ); “In the research project discussion, the verb “decode” describes an action or change.”
immense: extremely large; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as immense.”
investigation: an official attempt to find out the truth about or the cause of something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem; “The research project report includes a section on the word “investigation.””
observer: someone who regularly watches or pays attention to particular things, events, situations etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “observer.””
database: a large amount of data stored in a computer system so that you can find and use it easily; “The speaker used the word “database” while explaining the research project problem.”
horsepower: a unit for measuring the power of an engine, or the power of an engine measured like this; “Learners saw the word “horsepower” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
institute: an organization that has a particular purpose such as scientific or educational work, or the building where this organization is based; “The speaker used the word “institute” while explaining the research project problem.”
mathematics: the science of numbers and of shapes, including algebra , geometry , and arithmetic; “The research project report includes a section on the word “mathematics.””
method: a planned way of doing something, especially one that a lot of people know about and use; “The speaker used the word “method” while explaining the research project problem.”
multiplication: a method of calculating in which you add a number to itself a particular number of times; “Learners saw the word “multiplication” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
perusal: Perusal of something such as a letter, article, or document is the action of reading it; “The research project report includes a section on the word “perusal.””
pipette: a thin glass tube for sucking up exact amounts of liquid, used especially in chemistry; “A clear definition of the word “pipette” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
arguable: If you say that it is arguable that something is true, you believe that it can be supported by evidence and that many people would agree with it; “During the research project discussion, “arguable” signals a particular quality.”
cadence: the way someone’s voice rises and falls, especially when reading out loud; “A clear definition of the word “cadence” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
discovery: a fact or thing that someone finds out about, when it was not known about before; “The research project report includes a section on the word “discovery.””
dispersal: the process of spreading things over a wide area or in different directions; “A clear definition of the word “dispersal” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
listen: to pay attention to what someone is saying or to a sound that you can hear; “A clear example helps learners use “listen” in a sentence about the research project.”
abundant: something that is abundant exists or is available in large quantities so that there is more than enough; “The speaker uses “abundant” to characterize the research project situation.”
acid: a chemical substance that has a pH of less than 7. Strong acids can burn holes in material or damage your skin; “The speaker used the word “acid” while explaining the research project problem.”
campaign: to lead or take part in a series of actions intended to achieve a particular social or political result; “In the research project discussion, the verb “campaign” describes an action or change.”
chemist: a scientist who has special knowledge and training in chemistry; “The speaker used the word “chemist” while explaining the research project problem.”
collision: an accident in which two or more people or vehicles hit each other while moving in different directions; “The research project report includes a section on the word “collision.””
crystal: a small piece of a substance with many even sides, that is formed naturally when the substance becomes solid; “Learners saw the word “crystal” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
disadvantage: something that causes problems, or that makes someone or something less likely to be successful or effective; “A clear definition of the word “disadvantage” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
division: the act of separating something into two or more different parts, or the way these parts are separated or shared; “The speaker used the word “division” while explaining the research project problem.”
exotic: Something that is exotic is unusual and interesting, usually because it comes from or is related to a distant country; “The report describes the research project issue as exotic.”
explode: to burst, or to make something burst, into small pieces, usually with a loud noise and in a way that causes damage; “The speaker explains how “explode” is used in a report about the research project.”
facility: Facilities are buildings, pieces of equipment, or services that are provided for a particular purpose; “The speaker used the word “facility” while explaining the research project problem.”
filter: to remove unwanted substances from water, air etc by passing it through a special substance or piece of equipment; “Learners hear “filter” while following the research project explanation.”
guarantee: to promise that you will pay back money that someone else has borrowed, if they do not pay it back themselves; “In the research project discussion, the verb “guarantee” describes an action or change.”
horticulture: the practice or science of growing flowers, fruit, and vegetables; “Learners saw the word “horticulture” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
interrupt: to stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them, making a noise etc; “The speaker explains how “interrupt” is used in a report about the research project.”
irritate: to make someone feel annoyed or impatient, especially by doing something many times or for a long period of time; “In the research project discussion, the verb “irritate” describes an action or change.”
latent: something that is latent is present but hidden, and may develop or become more noticeable in the future; “The report describes the research project issue as latent.”
nitrogen: a gas that has no colour or smell, and that forms most of the Earth’s air. It is a chemical element: symbol N; “Learners saw the word “nitrogen” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
orbit: the curved path travelled by an object which is moving around another much larger object such as the Earth, the Sun etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “orbit.””
panic: a sudden strong feeling of fear or nervousness that makes you unable to think clearly or behave sensibly; “A clear definition of the word “panic” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
physicist: a scientist who has special knowledge and training in physics; “The research project report includes a section on the word “physicist.””
preference: if you have a preference for something, you like it more than another thing and will choose it if you can; “A clear definition of the word “preference” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
retrospect: thinking back to a time in the past, especially with the advantage of knowing more now than you did then; “A clear definition of the word “retrospect” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
ritual: a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, in order to mark an important religious or social occasion; “The speaker used the word “ritual” while explaining the research project problem.”
sacrifice: to willingly stop having something you want or doing something you like in order to get something more important; “The speaker explains how “sacrifice” is used in a report about the research project.”
statue: an image of a person or animal that is made in solid material such as stone or metal and is usually large; “Learners saw the word “statue” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
subscribe: to pay money, usually once a year, to have copies of a newspaper or magazine sent to you, or to have some other service; “Learners hear “subscribe” while following the research project explanation.”
suspension: a part attached to the wheels of a vehicle that makes it more comfortable on roads that are not smooth; “A clear definition of the word “suspension” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
vacuum: a space that is completely empty of all gas, especially one from which all the air has been taken away; “The speaker used the word “vacuum” while explaining the research project problem.”
vague: unclear because someone does not give enough detailed information or does not say exactly what they mean; “The report describes the research project issue as vague.”
alternate: An alternate is a person or thing that replaces another, and can act or be used instead of them; “The research project report includes a section on the word “alternate.””
authentic: a painting, document, book etc that is authentic has been proved to be by a particular person; “The speaker uses “authentic” to characterize the research project situation.”
bond: an official document promising that a government or company will pay back money that it has borrowed, often with interest; “A clear definition of the word “bond” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
clumsy: moving or doing things in a careless way, especially so that you drop things, knock into things etc; “The speaker uses “clumsy” to characterize the research project situation.”
confidence: the feeling that you can trust someone or something to be good, work well, or produce good results; “Learners saw the word “confidence” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
detectable: Something that is detectable can be noticed or discovered; “The speaker uses “detectable” to characterize the research project situation.”
diameter: a straight line from one side of a circle to the other side, passing through the centre of the circle, or the length of this line; “A clear definition of the word “diameter” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
dilemma: a situation in which it is very difficult to decide what to do, because all the choices seem equally good or equally bad; “The speaker used the word “dilemma” while explaining the research project problem.”
dominant: Someone or something that is dominant is more powerful, successful, influential, or noticeable than other people or things; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as dominant.”
eligible: an eligible man or woman would be good to marry because they are rich, attractive, and not married; “The speaker uses “eligible” to characterize the research project situation.”
embarrass: to make someone feel ashamed, nervous, or uncomfortable, especially in front of other people; “In the research project discussion, the verb “embarrass” describes an action or change.”
exclusive: an important or exciting story that is printed in only one newspaper, because that newspaper was the first to find out about it; “The research project report includes a section on the word “exclusive.””
exposure: when someone is in a situation where they are not protected from something dangerous or unpleasant; “A clear definition of the word “exposure” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
fluctuate: to change frequently in size, amount, quality, etc., especially from one extreme to another; “The speaker explains how “fluctuate” is used in a report about the research project.”
gasoline: a liquid obtained from petroleum, used mainly for producing power in the engines of cars, trucks etc; “Learners saw the word “gasoline” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
gastronomy: the art and science of cooking and eating good food; “A clear definition of the word “gastronomy” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
guile: the use of clever but dishonest methods to deceive someone; “Learners saw the word “guile” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
imitate: to copy the way someone behaves, speaks, moves etc, especially in order to make people laugh; “The speaker explains how “imitate” is used in a report about the research project.”
independent: an independent organization is not owned or controlled by, or does not receive money from, another organization or the government; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as independent.”
paradox: a situation that seems strange because it involves two ideas or qualities that are very different; “A clear definition of the word “paradox” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
parallel: a relationship or similarity between two things, especially things that exist or happen in different places or at different times; “The speaker used the word “parallel” while explaining the research project problem.”
passive: someone who is passive tends to accept things that happen to them or things that people say to them, without taking any action; “During the research project discussion, “passive” signals a particular quality.”
perspective: a way of thinking about something, especially one which is influenced by the type of person you are or by your experiences; “Learners saw the word “perspective” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
plastic: a light strong material that is produced by a chemical process, and which can be made into different shapes when it is soft; “The research project report includes a section on the word “plastic.””