TOEFL iBT Science and technology

Precise Responses: Science & discovery

Precise verbs, connectors, and evaluative language for supported academic responses. Focus: science & discovery.

Independent TOEFL iBT study resource — not official exam material.

Teens and up
Environment & science
Advanced · C1
250 words

Play word detective with these words All 6 ways to practise

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

epistemology: the theory of knowledge, esp the critical study of its validity, methods, and scope; “The speaker used the word “epistemology” while explaining the research project problem.”
biometrics: the analysis of biological data using mathematical and statistical methods; “The speaker used the word “biometrics” while explaining the research project problem.”
arboretum: a place where trees are grown for scientific study; “The speaker used the word “arboretum” while explaining the research project problem.”
chronometer: a very exact clock, used for scientific purposes; “Learners saw the word “chronometer” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
tactic: a method that you use to achieve something; “The research project report includes a section on the word “tactic.””
jurisprudence: the science or study of law; “A clear definition of the word “jurisprudence” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
ornithology: the scientific study of birds; “Learners saw the word “ornithology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
immensity: used to emphasize the great size of something, especially something that cannot be measured; “A clear definition of the word “immensity” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
neurology: the scientific study of the nervous system and its diseases; “The research project report includes a section on the word “neurology.””
pharmacology: the scientific study of drugs and medicines; “Learners saw the word “pharmacology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
prevision: the act or power of foreseeing; prescience; “A clear definition of the word “prevision” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
allopathy: the orthodox medical method of treating disease, by inducing a condition different from or opposed to the cause of the disease; “Learners saw the word “allopathy” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
formaldehyde: a strong-smelling gas that can be mixed with water and used for preserving things such as dead animals to be used in science etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “formaldehyde.””
nonsuit: an order of a judge dismissing a suit when the plaintiff fails to show he has a good cause of action or fails to produce any evidence; “The research project report includes a section on the word “nonsuit.””
astrolabe: an instrument used by early astronomers to measure the altitude of stars and planets and also as a navigational aid; “The speaker used the word “astrolabe” while explaining the research project problem.”
catalytic: In chemistry, a catalytic substance or a substance with catalytic properties is a substance which increases the speed of a chemical reaction; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as catalytic.”
metaphysics: the part of philosophy that is concerned with trying to understand and describe the nature of truth, life, and reality; “Learners saw the word “metaphysics” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
azoic: without life; characteristic of the ages that have left no evidence of life in the form of organic remains; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as azoic.”
dietetics: the science that is concerned with what people eat and drink and how this affects their health; “Learners saw the word “dietetics” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
nonviolent: Nonviolent methods of bringing about change do not involve hurting people or causing damage; “The report describes the research project issue as nonviolent.”
praxis: the practice and practical side of a profession or field of study, as opposed to the theory; “A clear definition of the word “praxis” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
seismograph: an instrument that measures and records the movement of the earth during an earthquake; “Learners saw the word “seismograph” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
dermatology: the part of medical science that deals with skin diseases and their treatment; “A clear definition of the word “dermatology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
countermeasure: an action taken to prevent another action from having a harmful effect; “Learners saw the word “countermeasure” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
ethnology: the scientific study and comparison of different races of people; “The speaker used the word “ethnology” while explaining the research project problem.”
obstetrics: the part of medical science that deals with the birth of children; “Learners saw the word “obstetrics” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
radiocarbon: Radiocarbon is a type of carbon that is radioactive, and which therefore breaks up slowly at a regular rate. Its presence in an object can be measured in order to find out how old the object is.; “The research project report includes a section on the word “radiocarbon.””
ethnography: the scientific description of different races of people; “The speaker used the word “ethnography” while explaining the research project problem.”
gerontology: the scientific study of old age and its effects on the body; “The speaker used the word “gerontology” while explaining the research project problem.”
horology: the art or science of making timepieces or of measuring time; “A clear definition of the word “horology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
criminology: the scientific study of crime and criminals; “The research project report includes a section on the word “criminology.””
cytology: the scientific study of cells from living things; “Learners saw the word “cytology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
versed: to know a lot about a subject, method etc; “The speaker uses “versed” to characterize the research project situation.”
entomology: the scientific study of insects; “The speaker used the word “entomology” while explaining the research project problem.”
fathomless: impossible to measure or understand; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as fathomless.”
geophysical: Geophysical means relating to geophysics; “The report describes the research project issue as geophysical.”
seismology: the scientific study of earthquakes; “A clear definition of the word “seismology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
beneficiary: someone who gets advantages from an action or change; “The speaker used the word “beneficiary” while explaining the research project problem.”
brochure: a thin book giving information or advertising something; “Learners saw the word “brochure” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
canary: a small yellow bird that people often keep as a pet; “Learners saw the word “canary” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
captivate: to attract someone very much, and hold their attention; “The speaker explains how “captivate” is used in a report about the research project.”
contend: to compete against someone in order to gain something; “A clear example helps learners use “contend” in a sentence about the research project.”
culpable: a culpable action is one that is considered criminal; “The report describes the research project issue as culpable.”
cumbersome: a process or system that is cumbersome is slow and difficult; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as cumbersome.”
detach: to remove sth from sth larger; to become separated from sth; “The speaker explains how “detach” is used in a report about the research project.”
empiricism: the belief in basing your ideas on practical experience; “Learners saw the word “empiricism” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
espouse: to support an idea, belief etc, especially a political one; “In the research project discussion, the verb “espouse” describes an action or change.”
fervent: believing or feeling something very strongly and sincerely; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as fervent.”
figurine: a small model of a person or animal used as a decoration; “The speaker used the word “figurine” while explaining the research project problem.”
flask: a glass bottle with a narrow top, used in a laboratory; “The speaker used the word “flask” while explaining the research project problem.”
glamorous: attractive, exciting, and related to wealth and success; “The speaker uses “glamorous” to characterize the research project situation.”
hike: to take a long walk in the mountains or countryside; “The speaker explains how “hike” is used in a report about the research project.”
irate: If someone is irate, they are very angry about something; “The speaker uses “irate” to characterize the research project situation.”
legislature: an institution that has the power to make or change laws; “The speaker used the word “legislature” while explaining the research project problem.”
pallid: very pale, especially in a way that looks weak or unhealthy; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as pallid.”
patriotism: Patriotism is love for your country and loyalty toward it; “The research project report includes a section on the word “patriotism.””
perennial: a plant that is perennial lives for more than two years; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as perennial.”
prodigious: very large or great in a surprising or impressive way; “The speaker uses “prodigious” to characterize the research project situation.”
query: to express doubt about whether something is true or correct; “Learners hear “query” while following the research project explanation.”
repress: to stop yourself from doing something you want to do; “In the research project discussion, the verb “repress” describes an action or change.”
resplendent: very beautiful, bright, and impressive in appearance; “The report describes the research project issue as resplendent.”
staunch: to stop the flow of liquid, especially of blood from a wound; “Learners hear “staunch” while following the research project explanation.”
sterile: a person or animal that is sterile cannot produce babies; “The report describes the research project issue as sterile.”
subliminal: affecting your mind in a way that you are not conscious of; “The report describes the research project issue as subliminal.”
tenure: the period of time when someone has an important job; “A clear definition of the word “tenure” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
terminus: the station or stop at the end of a railway or bus line; “A clear definition of the word “terminus” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
underscore: to emphasize the fact that something is important or true; “Learners hear “underscore” while following the research project explanation.”
abdicate: to give up the position of being king or queen; “The speaker explains how “abdicate” is used in a report about the research project.”
authorize: to give official permission for something; “A clear example helps learners use “authorize” in a sentence about the research project.”
belie: to give someone a false idea about something; “The speaker explains how “belie” is used in a report about the research project.”
benefactor: someone who gives money for a good purpose; “The speaker used the word “benefactor” while explaining the research project problem.”
congruent: congruent triangles are the same size and shape; “The speaker uses “congruent” to characterize the research project situation.”
copious: existing or being produced in large quantities; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as copious.”
devastate: to damage something very badly or completely; “The speaker explains how “devastate” is used in a report about the research project.”
duration: the length of time that something continues; “Learners saw the word “duration” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
emission: a gas or other substance that is sent into the air; “A clear definition of the word “emission” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
ephemeral: existing or popular for only a short time; “During the research project discussion, “ephemeral” signals a particular quality.”
expulsion: the act of forcing someone to leave a place; “A clear definition of the word “expulsion” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
fluid: a situation that is fluid is likely to change; “The report describes the research project issue as fluid.”
granite: a very hard grey rock, often used in building; “Learners saw the word “granite” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
gratify: to make someone feel pleased and satisfied; “Learners hear “gratify” while following the research project explanation.”
heed: to pay attention to someone’s advice or warning; “Learners hear “heed” while following the research project explanation.”
hone: a fine whetstone, esp for sharpening razors; “Learners saw the word “hone” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
liquefy: to become liquid, or make something become liquid; “A clear example helps learners use “liquefy” in a sentence about the research project.”
literacy: the state of being able to read and write; “The speaker used the word “literacy” while explaining the research project problem.”
mingle: to combine or make one thing combine with another; “In the research project discussion, the verb “mingle” describes an action or change.”
negate: to prevent something from having any effect; “In the research project discussion, the verb “negate” describes an action or change.”
oblique: not looking, pointing etc directly at something; “The speaker uses “oblique” to characterize the research project situation.”
panorama: an impressive view of a wide area of land; “A clear definition of the word “panorama” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
perishable: food that is perishable is likely to decay quickly; “During the research project discussion, “perishable” signals a particular quality.”
posthumous: happening, printed etc after someone’s death; “During the research project discussion, “posthumous” signals a particular quality.”
repudiate: to refuse to accept or continue with something; “A clear example helps learners use “repudiate” in a sentence about the research project.”
rustic: someone from the country, especially a farm worker; “Learners saw the word “rustic” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
sinuous: moving with smooth twists and turns, like a snake; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as sinuous.”
solder: to join or repair metal surfaces with solder; “The speaker explains how “solder” is used in a report about the research project.”
specious: seeming to be true or correct, but actually false; “During the research project discussion, “specious” signals a particular quality.”
squash: to use your power or authority to stop something; “The speaker explains how “squash” is used in a report about the research project.”
strive: to make a great effort to achieve something; “The speaker explains how “strive” is used in a report about the research project.”
therapeutic: relating to the treatment or cure of an illness; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as therapeutic.”
turmoil: a state of confusion, excitement, or anxiety; “The research project report includes a section on the word “turmoil.””
upheaval: a very big change that often causes problems; “Learners saw the word “upheaval” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
utilitarian: A utilitarian is someone with utilitarian views; “Learners saw the word “utilitarian” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
verge: to be very close to a harmful or extreme state; “The speaker explains how “verge” is used in a report about the research project.”
allegiance: loyalty to a leader, country, belief etc; “The speaker used the word “allegiance” while explaining the research project problem.”
arduous: involving a lot of strength and effort; “During the research project discussion, “arduous” signals a particular quality.”
aversion: a strong dislike of something or someone; “A clear definition of the word “aversion” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
cautious: careful to avoid danger or risks; “The speaker uses “cautious” to characterize the research project situation.”
cerebral: relating to or affecting your brain; “The report describes the research project issue as cerebral.”
chagrin: to feel annoyed and disappointed; “In the research project discussion, the verb “chagrin” describes an action or change.”
contiguous: next to something, or next to each other; “The report describes the research project issue as contiguous.”
despondent: extremely unhappy and without hope; “The report describes the research project issue as despondent.”
detest: to hate something or someone very much; “The speaker explains how “detest” is used in a report about the research project.”
enumerate: to name a list of things one by one; “Learners hear “enumerate” while following the research project explanation.”
frugal: careful to buy only what is necessary; “The speaker uses “frugal” to characterize the research project situation.”
genesis: the beginning or origin of something; “Learners saw the word “genesis” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
incandescent: producing a bright light when heated; “During the research project discussion, “incandescent” signals a particular quality.”
inverse: the complete opposite of something; “The research project report includes a section on the word “inverse.””
mass: the amount of material in something; “The research project report includes a section on the word “mass.””
obese: very fat in a way that is unhealthy; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as obese.”
ornate: covered with a lot of decoration; “The speaker uses “ornate” to characterize the research project situation.”
pecuniary: relating to or consisting of money; “The report describes the research project issue as pecuniary.”
placate: to make someone stop feeling angry; “Learners hear “placate” while following the research project explanation.”
propitious: good and likely to bring good results; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as propitious.”
pugnacious: very eager to argue or fight with people; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as pugnacious.”
purport: the general meaning of what someone says; “The research project report includes a section on the word “purport.””
scent: a pleasant smell that something has; “The speaker used the word “scent” while explaining the research project problem.”
shuttle: to travel frequently between two places; “The speaker explains how “shuttle” is used in a report about the research project.”
skull: the bones of a person’s or animal’s head; “A clear definition of the word “skull” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
sovereign: having the highest power in a country; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as sovereign.”
spectator: someone who is watching an event or game; “The speaker used the word “spectator” while explaining the research project problem.”
squabble: to argue about something unimportant; “A clear example helps learners use “squabble” in a sentence about the research project.”
stingy: not generous, especially with money; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as stingy.”
tactile: relating to your sense of touch; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as tactile.”
unaffected: not changed or influenced by something; “The speaker uses “unaffected” to characterize the research project situation.”
adorn: to decorate something; “In the research project discussion, the verb “adorn” describes an action or change.”
affable: friendly and easy to talk to; “The speaker uses “affable” to characterize the research project situation.”
amiable: friendly and easy to like; “During the research project discussion, “amiable” signals a particular quality.”
animosity: strong dislike or hatred; “The speaker used the word “animosity” while explaining the research project problem.”
anterior: at or towards the front; “The report describes the research project issue as anterior.”
approbation: official praise or approval; “A clear definition of the word “approbation” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
aroma: a strong pleasant smell; “The research project report includes a section on the word “aroma.””
combustion: the process of burning; “A clear definition of the word “combustion” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
debilitate: to make someone ill and weak; “A clear example helps learners use “debilitate” in a sentence about the research project.”
finite: having an end or a limit; “During the research project discussion, “finite” signals a particular quality.”
hue: a colour or type of colour; “Learners saw the word “hue” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
incessant: continuing without stopping; “The report describes the research project issue as incessant.”
leach: the act or process of leaching; “The speaker used the word “leach” while explaining the research project problem.”
pronounced: very great or noticeable; “The speaker uses “pronounced” to characterize the research project situation.”
recipient: someone who receives something; “A clear definition of the word “recipient” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
sumptuous: very impressive and expensive; “The speaker uses “sumptuous” to characterize the research project situation.”
upsurge: a sudden strong feeling; “A clear definition of the word “upsurge” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
zest: eager interest and enjoyment; “Learners saw the word “zest” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
allergic: having an allergy; “During the research project discussion, “allergic” signals a particular quality.”
bewilder: to confuse someone; “Learners hear “bewilder” while following the research project explanation.”
cessation: a pause or stop; “The speaker used the word “cessation” while explaining the research project problem.”
clandestine: done or kept secret; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as clandestine.”
combustible: able to burn easily; “The speaker uses “combustible” to characterize the research project situation.”
deleterious: damaging or harmful; “The speaker uses “deleterious” to characterize the research project situation.”
fraternal: relating to brothers; “During the research project discussion, “fraternal” signals a particular quality.”
garment: a piece of clothing; “Learners saw the word “garment” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
infinitesimal: extremely small; “The report describes the research project issue as infinitesimal.”
luminous: shining in the dark; “The report describes the research project issue as luminous.”
replete: full of something; “The speaker uses “replete” to characterize the research project situation.”
aerial: a piece of equipment for receiving or sending radio or television signals, usually consisting of a piece of metal or wire; “Learners saw the word “aerial” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
correlate: if two or more facts, ideas etc correlate or if you correlate them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other; “The speaker explains how “correlate” is used in a report about the research project.”
divest: If you divest yourself of something that you own or are responsible for, you get rid of it or stop being responsible for it; “A clear example helps learners use “divest” in a sentence about the research project.”
metaphor: a way of describing something by referring to it as something different and suggesting that it has similar qualities to that thing; “The research project report includes a section on the word “metaphor.””
streamline: to make something such as a business, organization etc work more simply and effectively; “In the research project discussion, the verb “streamline” describes an action or change.”
assurance: a promise that something will definitely happen or is definitely true, made especially to make someone less worried; “The speaker used the word “assurance” while explaining the research project problem.”
costume: a set of clothes worn by an actor or by someone to make them look like something such as an animal, famous person etc; “The research project report includes a section on the word “costume.””
pendulum: a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock; “Learners saw the word “pendulum” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
ponder: to spend time thinking carefully and seriously about a problem, a difficult question, or something that has happened; “In the research project discussion, the verb “ponder” describes an action or change.”
predicament: a difficult or unpleasant situation in which you do not know what to do, or in which you have to make a difficult choice; “The research project report includes a section on the word “predicament.””
electron: a very small piece of matter with a negative electrical charge that moves around the nucleus of an atom; “The research project report includes a section on the word “electron.””
infectious: an infectious illness can be passed from one person to another, especially through the air you breathe; “The speaker uses “infectious” to characterize the research project situation.”
objection: a reason that you have for opposing or disapproving of something, or something you say that expresses this; “The speaker used the word “objection” while explaining the research project problem.”
recede: When something such as a quality, problem, or illness recedes, it becomes weaker, smaller, or less intense; “In the research project discussion, the verb “recede” describes an action or change.”
responsible: if someone is responsible for an accident, mistake, crime etc, it is their fault or they can be blamed; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as responsible.”
scramble: to climb up, down, or over something quickly and with difficulty, especially using your hands to help you; “The speaker explains how “scramble” is used in a report about the research project.”
console: a flat board that contains the controls for a machine, piece of electrical equipment, computer etc; “A clear definition of the word “console” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
contaminate: to make a place or substance dirty or harmful by putting something such as chemicals or poison in it; “A clear example helps learners use “contaminate” in a sentence about the research project.”
impulsive: someone who is impulsive does things without considering the possible dangers or problems first; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as impulsive.”
inflate: to fill something with air or gas so it becomes larger, or to become filled with air or gas; “A clear example helps learners use “inflate” in a sentence about the research project.”
pathetic: something or someone that is pathetic is so useless, unsuccessful, or weak that they annoy you; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as pathetic.”
peer: to look very carefully at something, especially because you are having difficulty seeing it; “In the research project discussion, the verb “peer” describes an action or change.”
respect: to admire someone because they have high standards and good qualities such as fairness and honesty; “Learners hear “respect” while following the research project explanation.”
revelation: a surprising fact about someone or something that was previously secret and is now made known; “The speaker used the word “revelation” while explaining the research project problem.”
summary: a short statement that gives the main information about something, without giving all the details; “Learners saw the word “summary” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
texture: the way a surface or material feels when you touch it, especially how smooth or rough it is; “The speaker used the word “texture” while explaining the research project problem.”
cavity: A cavity is a space or hole in something such as a solid object or a person's body; “The research project report includes a section on the word “cavity.””
larva: a young insect with a soft tube-shaped body, which will later become an insect with wings; “Learners saw the word “larva” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
plaster: to put a wet usually sticky substance all over a surface so that it is thickly covered; “A clear example helps learners use “plaster” in a sentence about the research project.”
underlying: the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed; “The speaker uses “underlying” to characterize the research project situation.”
virtual: made, done, seen etc on the Internet or on a computer, rather than in the real world; “During the research project discussion, “virtual” signals a particular quality.”
yeast: a type of fungus used for producing alcohol in beer and wine, and for making bread rise; “Learners saw the word “yeast” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
affiliate: a company, organization etc that is connected with or controlled by a larger one; “The speaker used the word “affiliate” while explaining the research project problem.”
afflict: to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer; “The speaker explains how “afflict” is used in a report about the research project.”
boom: A boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success; “The speaker used the word “boom” while explaining the research project problem.”
converge: to come from different directions and meet at the same point to become one thing; “The speaker explains how “converge” is used in a report about the research project.”
decree: an official order or decision, especially one made by the ruler of a country; “The research project report includes a section on the word “decree.””
diffuse: to make heat, light, liquid etc spread through something, or to spread like this; “Learners hear “diffuse” while following the research project explanation.”
discrepancy: a difference between two amounts, details, reports etc that should be the same; “The speaker used the word “discrepancy” while explaining the research project problem.”
embryo: an animal or human that has not yet been born, and has just begun to develop; “Learners saw the word “embryo” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
graze: to accidentally break the surface of your skin by rubbing it against something; “The speaker explains how “graze” is used in a report about the research project.”
mantle: a loose piece of outer clothing without sleeves, worn especially in former times; “The speaker used the word “mantle” while explaining the research project problem.”
plaintiff: someone who brings a legal action against another person in a court of law; “The speaker used the word “plaintiff” while explaining the research project problem.”
porcelain: a hard shiny white substance that is used for making expensive plates, cups etc; “The speaker used the word “porcelain” while explaining the research project problem.”
precipitation: a chemical process in which a solid substance is separated from a liquid; “A clear definition of the word “precipitation” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
sum: the total produced when you add two or more numbers or amounts together; “The speaker used the word “sum” while explaining the research project problem.”
virtue: an advantage that makes something better or more useful than something else; “A clear definition of the word “virtue” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
vocation: a strong belief that you have been chosen by God to be a priest or a nun; “A clear definition of the word “vocation” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
wrench: to twist and pull something roughly from the place where it is being held; “A clear example helps learners use “wrench” in a sentence about the research project.”
analogous: similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made; “The speaker uses “analogous” to characterize the research project situation.”
approximation: a number, amount etc that is not exact, but is almost correct; “A clear definition of the word “approximation” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
bacteria: very small living things, some of which cause illness or disease; “A clear definition of the word “bacteria” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
conserve: to protect something and prevent it from changing or being damaged; “The speaker explains how “conserve” is used in a report about the research project.”
diligent: someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough; “The report describes the research project issue as diligent.”
glacier: a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley; “A clear definition of the word “glacier” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
hybrid: an animal or plant produced from parents of different breeds or types; “Learners saw the word “hybrid” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
irrevocable: an irrevocable decision, action etc cannot be changed or stopped; “Researchers describe the research project evidence as irrevocable.”
methane: a gas that you cannot see or smell, which can be burned to give heat; “Learners saw the word “methane” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
oval: a shape like a circle, but wider in one direction than the other; “Learners saw the word “oval” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
portfolio: a large flat case used especially for carrying pictures, documents etc; “Learners saw the word “portfolio” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
precedent: something of the same type that has happened or existed before; “Learners saw the word “precedent” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
radioactive: a radioactive substance is dangerous because it contains radiation; “During the research project discussion, “radioactive” signals a particular quality.”
scope: the range of things that a subject, activity, book etc deals with; “Learners saw the word “scope” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
scrap: to decide not to use a plan or system because it is not practical; “The speaker explains how “scrap” is used in a report about the research project.”
statute: a law passed by a parliament, council etc and formally written down; “Learners saw the word “statute” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
utensil: a thing such as a knife, spoon etc that you use when you are cooking; “The research project report includes a section on the word “utensil.””
amenity: something that makes a place comfortable or easy to live in; “A clear definition of the word “amenity” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
asthma: a medical condition that causes difficulties in breathing; “Learners saw the word “asthma” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
bark: the short loud sound made by dogs and some other animals; “The research project report includes a section on the word “bark.””
clan: a large group of families who often share the same name; “Learners saw the word “clan” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
coefficient: the number by which an unknown quantity is multiplied; “A clear definition of the word “coefficient” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
construct: to build something such as a house, bridge, road etc; “The speaker explains how “construct” is used in a report about the research project.”
exempt: to give someone permission not to do or pay something; “A clear example helps learners use “exempt” in a sentence about the research project.”
microscopic: extremely small and therefore very difficult to see; “During the research project discussion, “microscopic” signals a particular quality.”
offspring: someone’s child or children – often used humorously; “Learners saw the word “offspring” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
ornamental: Something that is ornamental is attractive and decorative; “The speaker uses “ornamental” to characterize the research project situation.”
periodic: happening a number of times, usually at regular times; “During the research project discussion, “periodic” signals a particular quality.”
productive: relating to the production of goods, crops, or wealth; “The speaker uses “productive” to characterize the research project situation.”
quench: to stop yourself feeling thirsty, by drinking something; “In the research project discussion, the verb “quench” describes an action or change.”
quote: to repeat exactly what someone else has said or written; “Learners hear “quote” while following the research project explanation.”
secure: to make something safe from being attacked, harmed, or lost; “A clear example helps learners use “secure” in a sentence about the research project.”
aspiration: a strong desire to have or achieve something; “Learners saw the word “aspiration” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”
deskill: If workers are deskilled, they no longer need special skills to do their work, especially because of modern methods of production; “In the research project discussion, the verb “deskill” describes an action or change.”
disillusionment: Disillusionment is the disappointment that you feel when you discover that something is not as good as you had expected or thought; “A clear definition of the word “disillusionment” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”
enlist: to persuade someone to help you to do something; “A clear example helps learners use “enlist” in a sentence about the research project.”
ensue: to happen after or as a result of something; “In the research project discussion, the verb “ensue” describes an action or change.”
novelty: the quality of being new, unusual, and interesting; “The speaker used the word “novelty” while explaining the research project problem.”