Listening & Reading: Science & discovery

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

scientific

about or related to science, or using its methods

“The speaker uses “scientific” to characterize the research project situation.”

experimentation

the process of testing various ideas, methods etc to find out how good or effective they are

“The research project report includes a section on the word “experimentation.””

biology

the scientific study of living things

“The speaker used the word “biology” while explaining the research project problem.”

notation

a system of written marks or signs used to represent something such as music, mathematics, or scientific ideas

“The research project report includes a section on the word “notation.””

hallmark

an idea, method, or quality that is typical of a particular person or thing

“The research project report includes a section on the word “hallmark.””

viable

a viable idea, plan, or method can work successfully

“During the research project discussion, “viable” signals a particular quality.”

theory

an idea or set of ideas that is intended to explain something about life or the world, especially an idea that has not yet been proved to be true

“A clear definition of the word “theory” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

phenomenon

something that happens or exists in society, science, or nature, especially something that is studied because it is difficult to understand

“A clear definition of the word “phenomenon” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

instrument

a small tool used in work such as science or medicine

“The speaker used the word “instrument” while explaining the research project problem.”

chemistry

the science that is concerned with studying the structure of substances and the way that they change or combine with each other

“The research project report includes a section on the word “chemistry.””

apparatus

the set of tools and machines that you use for a particular scientific, medical, or technical purpose

“The speaker used the word “apparatus” while explaining the research project problem.”

collaboration

when you work together with another person or group to achieve something, especially in science or art

“The speaker used the word “collaboration” while explaining the research project problem.”

formula

a method or set of principles that you use to solve a problem or to make sure that something is successful

“Learners saw the word “formula” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

innovate

to start to use new ideas, methods, or inventions

“In the research project discussion, the verb “innovate” describes an action or change.”

voltage

electrical force measured in volts

“Learners saw the word “voltage” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

quantifiable

Something that is quantifiable can be measured or counted in a scientific way

“The speaker uses “quantifiable” to characterize the research project situation.”

thinker

someone who thinks carefully about important subjects such as science or philosophy , especially someone who is famous for thinking of new ideas

“The speaker used the word “thinker” while explaining the research project problem.”

graph

a drawing that uses a line or lines to show how two or more sets of measurements are related to each other

“Learners saw the word “graph” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

microbiology

the scientific study of very small living things such as bacteria

“A clear definition of the word “microbiology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

investigate

to try to find out the truth about something such as a crime, accident, or scientific problem

“A clear example helps learners use “investigate” in a sentence about the research project.”

circumference

the distance or measurement around the outside of a circle or any round shape

“A clear definition of the word “circumference” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

photogrammetry

the process of making measurements from photographs, used esp in the construction of maps from aerial photographs and also in military intelligence, medical and industrial research, etc

“Learners saw the word “photogrammetry” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

thermometer

a piece of equipment that measures the temperature of the air, of your body etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “thermometer.””

transport

a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another

“The speaker used the word “transport” while explaining the research project problem.”

anthropology

the scientific study of people, their societies, culture s etc

“Learners saw the word “anthropology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

microscope

a scientific instrument that makes extremely small things look larger

“The research project report includes a section on the word “microscope.””

rigid

rigid methods, systems etc are very strict and difficult to change

“During the research project discussion, “rigid” signals a particular quality.”

quantity

an amount of something that can be counted or measured

“A clear definition of the word “quantity” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

aviation

the science or practice of flying in aircraft

“A clear definition of the word “aviation” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

verify

to discover whether something is correct or true

“The speaker explains how “verify” is used in a report about the research project.”

observe

to watch something or someone carefully

“Learners hear “observe” while following the research project explanation.”

relativity

the relationship in physics between time, space, and movement according to Einstein’s theory

“The speaker used the word “relativity” while explaining the research project problem.”

navigation

the science or job of planning which way you need to go when you are travelling from one place to another

“The research project report includes a section on the word “navigation.””

sophisticated

a sophisticated machine, system, method etc is very well designed and very advanced, and often works in a complicated way

“The report describes the research project issue as sophisticated.”

detect

to notice or discover something, especially something that is not easy to see, hear etc

“The speaker explains how “detect” is used in a report about the research project.”

organic

relating to farming or gardening methods of growing food without using artificial chemicals, or produced or grown by these methods

“During the research project discussion, “organic” signals a particular quality.”

revolution

a complete change in ways of thinking, methods of working etc

“A clear definition of the word “revolution” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

vogue

a popular and fashionable style, activity, method etc

“Learners saw the word “vogue” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

astrophysics

the scientific study of the chemical structure of the stars and the forces that influence them

“The research project report includes a section on the word “astrophysics.””

data

information or facts

“Learners saw the word “data” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

forensic

relating to the scientific methods used for finding out about a crime

“The speaker uses “forensic” to characterize the research project situation.”

replicate

if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again

“The speaker explains how “replicate” is used in a report about the research project.”

biochemistry

the scientific study of the chemistry of living things

“Learners saw the word “biochemistry” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

ecology

the way in which plants, animals, and people are related to each other and to their environment, or the scientific study of this

“Learners saw the word “ecology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

measure

to find the size, length, or amount of something, using standard units such as inch es ,metres etc

“Learners hear “measure” while following the research project explanation.”

photography

the art, profession, or method of producing photographs or the scenes in films

“The speaker used the word “photography” while explaining the research project problem.”

physics

the science concerned with the study of physical objects and substances, and of natural forces such as light, heat, and movement

“A clear definition of the word “physics” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

sociology

the scientific study of societies and the behaviour of people in groups

“The research project report includes a section on the word “sociology.””

anatomy

the scientific study of the structure of human or animal bodies

“The speaker used the word “anatomy” while explaining the research project problem.”

assimilate

to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc

“In the research project discussion, the verb “assimilate” describes an action or change.”

capital

an important city where the main government of a country, state etc is

“Learners saw the word “capital” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

length

the measurement of how long something is from one end to the other

“Learners saw the word “length” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

impose

to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc as you

“The speaker explains how “impose” is used in a report about the research project.”

unit

an amount of something used as a standard of measurement

“The research project report includes a section on the word “unit.””

astronomy

the scientific study of the stars and planet s

“The research project report includes a section on the word “astronomy.””

discredit

to make people stop believing in a particular idea

“A clear example helps learners use “discredit” in a sentence about the research project.”

encompass

to include a wide range of ideas, subjects, etc

“The speaker explains how “encompass” is used in a report about the research project.”

literacy

the state of being able to read and write

“The speaker used the word “literacy” while explaining the research project problem.”

meteorology

the scientific study of weather conditions

“Learners saw the word “meteorology” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

measurement

the length, height etc of something

“Learners saw the word “measurement” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

thorough

including every possible detail

“The report describes the research project issue as thorough.”

notion

an idea, belief, or opinion

“A clear definition of the word “notion” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

attach

to allow something to happen, but only if someone agrees to do a particular thing or accept a particular idea

“The speaker explains how “attach” is used in a report about the research project.”

connection

the way in which two facts, ideas, events etc are related to each other, and one is affected or caused by the other

“The research project report includes a section on the word “connection.””

cubic

relating to a measurement of space which is calculated by multiplying the length of something by its width and height

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as cubic.”

fit

to put a piece of equipment into a place, or a new part onto a machine, so that it is ready to be used

“A clear example helps learners use “fit” in a sentence about the research project.”

salvage

to save something from an accident or bad situation in which other things have already been damaged, destroyed, or lost

“A clear example helps learners use “salvage” in a sentence about the research project.”

shaft

a passage which goes down through a building or down into the ground, so that someone or something can get in or out

“Learners saw the word “shaft” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

weave

to make cloth, a carpet, a basket etc by crossing threads or thin pieces under and over each other by hand or on a loom

“In the research project discussion, the verb “weave” describes an action or change.”

flour

a powder that is made by crushing wheat or other grain and is used for making bread, cakes etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “flour.””

sour

having a sharp acid taste, like the taste of a lemon or a fruit that is not ready to be eaten

“The speaker uses “sour” to characterize the research project situation.”

academy

an official organization which encourages the development of literature, art, science etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “academy.””

conference

a large formal meeting where a lot of people discuss important matters such as business, politics, or science, especially for several days

“The research project report includes a section on the word “conference.””

consistent

a consistent argument or idea does not have any parts that do not match other parts

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as consistent.”

corridor

a long narrow passage on a train or between rooms in a building, with doors leading off it

“The research project report includes a section on the word “corridor.””

remainder

the part of something that is left after everything else has gone or been dealt with

“A clear definition of the word “remainder” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

attention

when you carefully listen to, look at, or think about someone or something

“Learners saw the word “attention” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

imagine

to form a picture or idea in your mind about what something could be like

“Learners hear “imagine” while following the research project explanation.”

logical

using a thinking process in which facts and ideas are connected in a correct way

“During the research project discussion, “logical” signals a particular quality.”

loyalty

the quality of remaining faithful to your friends, principles, country etc

“Learners saw the word “loyalty” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

point

a single fact, idea, or opinion that is part of an argument or discussion

“Learners saw the word “point” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

transportation

a system or method for carrying passengers or goods from one place to another

“The research project report includes a section on the word “transportation.””

cathedral

the main church of a particular area under the control of a bishop

“The research project report includes a section on the word “cathedral.””

cohesion

if there is cohesion among a group of people, a set of ideas etc, all the parts or members of it are connected or related in a reasonable way to form a whole

“The research project report includes a section on the word “cohesion.””

detail

a single feature, fact, or piece of information about something

“A clear definition of the word “detail” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

dread

a strong fear of something that is going to happen or may happen

“The research project report includes a section on the word “dread.””

entry

a door, gate, or passage that you go through to enter a place

“Learners saw the word “entry” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

metric

using or connected with the metric system of weights and measures

“The report describes the research project issue as metric.”

aspect

one part of a situation, idea, plan etc that has many parts

“The research project report includes a section on the word “aspect.””

feed

to give someone information or ideas over a period time

“In the research project discussion, the verb “feed” describes an action or change.”

imaginary

not real, but produced from pictures or ideas in your mind

“The speaker uses “imaginary” to characterize the research project situation.”

loom

a frame or machine on which thread is woven into cloth

“A clear definition of the word “loom” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

pillar

a very important part of a system of beliefs or ideas

“The research project report includes a section on the word “pillar.””

say

to express an idea, feeling, thought etc using words

“The speaker explains how “say” is used in a report about the research project.”

articulate

to express your ideas or feelings in words

“Learners hear “articulate” while following the research project explanation.”

opinion

your ideas or beliefs about a particular subject

“The research project report includes a section on the word “opinion.””

specify

to state something in an exact and detailed way

“A clear example helps learners use “specify” in a sentence about the research project.”

weight

how heavy something is when you measure it

“The research project report includes a section on the word “weight.””

accurate

correct and true in every detail

“The report describes the research project issue as accurate.”

agriculture

the practice or science of farming

“A clear definition of the word “agriculture” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

academician

a member of an official organization which encourages the development of literature, art, science etc

“A clear definition of the word “academician” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

breakthrough

an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time

“Learners saw the word “breakthrough” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

conventional

a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type

“The report describes the research project issue as conventional.”

intelligent

an intelligent person has a high level of mental ability and is good at understanding ideas and thinking clearly

“During the research project discussion, “intelligent” signals a particular quality.”

labyrinth

a large network of paths or passages which cross each other, making it very difficult to find your way

“The speaker used the word “labyrinth” while explaining the research project problem.”

mosquito

a small flying insect that sucks the blood of people and animals, sometimes spreading the disease malaria

“The speaker used the word “mosquito” while explaining the research project problem.”

obstinate

determined not to change your ideas, behaviour, opinions etc, even when other people think you are being unreasonable

“The speaker uses “obstinate” to characterize the research project situation.”

overflow

the amount of something or the number of people that cannot be contained in a place because it is already full

“The research project report includes a section on the word “overflow.””

sewer

a pipe or passage under the ground that carries away waste material and used water from houses, factories etc

“Learners saw the word “sewer” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

technology

new machines, equipment, and ways of doing things that are based on modern knowledge about science and computers

“The research project report includes a section on the word “technology.””

accompaniment

music that is played in the background at the same time as another instrument or singer that plays or sings the main tune

“A clear definition of the word “accompaniment” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

maple

a tree which grows mainly in northern countries such as Canada. Its leaves have five points and turn red or gold in autumn.

“A clear definition of the word “maple” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

motif

an idea, subject, or image that is regularly repeated and developed in a book, film, work of art etc

“A clear definition of the word “motif” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

pantomime

a method of performing using only actions and not words, or a play performed using this method

“Learners saw the word “pantomime” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

scholar

someone who knows a lot about a particular subject, especially one that is not a science subject

“The research project report includes a section on the word “scholar.””

spider

a small creature with eight legs, which catches insects using a fine network of sticky threads

“A clear definition of the word “spider” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

subtlety

the quality that something has when it has been done in a clever or skilful way, with careful attention to small details

“The research project report includes a section on the word “subtlety.””

symbol

a picture or shape that has a particular meaning or represents a particular organization or idea

“Learners saw the word “symbol” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

correlate

if two or more facts, ideas etc correlate or if you correlate them, they are closely connected to each other or one causes the other

“The speaker explains how “correlate” is used in a report about the research project.”

database

a large amount of data stored in a computer system so that you can find and use it easily

“The speaker used the word “database” while explaining the research project problem.”

eloquent

able to express your ideas and opinions well, especially in a way that influences people

“The speaker uses “eloquent” to characterize the research project situation.”

faction

a small group of people within a larger group, who have different ideas from the other members, and who try to get their own ideas accepted

“The research project report includes a section on the word “faction.””

figurative

a figurative word or phrase is used in a different way from its usual meaning, to give you a particular idea or picture in your mind

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as figurative.”

unfold

to spread open or flat sth that has previously been folded; to become open and flat

“In the research project discussion, the verb “unfold” describes an action or change.”

vestige

a small part or amount of something that remains when most of it no longer exists

“A clear definition of the word “vestige” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

badge

a small piece of metal, cloth, or plastic with a picture or words on it, worn to show rank, membership of a group, support for a political idea etc

“A clear definition of the word “badge” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

brilliant

A brilliant person, idea, or performance is extremely clever or skilful

“The speaker uses “brilliant” to characterize the research project situation.”

definition

a phrase or sentence that says exactly what a word, phrase, or idea means

“The speaker used the word “definition” while explaining the research project problem.”

discovery

a fact or thing that someone finds out about, when it was not known about before

“The research project report includes a section on the word “discovery.””

doctrine

a set of beliefs that form an important part of a religion or system of ideas

“The research project report includes a section on the word “doctrine.””

fallacy

a false idea or belief, especially one that a lot of people believe is true

“The research project report includes a section on the word “fallacy.””

fanatic

someone who has extreme political or religious ideas and is often dangerous

“Learners saw the word “fanatic” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

fringe

a decorative edge of hanging threads on a curtain, piece of clothing etc

“A clear definition of the word “fringe” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

pervade

if a feeling, idea, or smell pervades a place, it is present in every part of it

“A clear example helps learners use “pervade” in a sentence about the research project.”

slick

if something is slick, it is done in a skilful and attractive way and seems expensive, but it often contains no important or interesting ideas

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as slick.”

telegraph

an old-fashioned method of sending messages using radio or electrical signals

“The research project report includes a section on the word “telegraph.””

allocation

the decision to allocate something, or the act of allocating it

“Learners saw the word “allocation” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

ash

the soft grey powder that remains after something has been burned

“The research project report includes a section on the word “ash.””

attentive

listening to or watching someone carefully because you are interested

“The report describes the research project issue as attentive.”

choir

a group of people who sing together for other people to listen to

“The speaker used the word “choir” while explaining the research project problem.”

dispel

to make something go away, especially a belief, idea, or feeling

“The speaker explains how “dispel” is used in a report about the research project.”

horticulture

the practice or science of growing flowers, fruit, and vegetables

“Learners saw the word “horticulture” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

mesh

Mesh is material like a net made from wire, thread, or plastic

“The speaker used the word “mesh” while explaining the research project problem.”

pack

to put things into cases, bags etc ready for a trip somewhere

“A clear example helps learners use “pack” in a sentence about the research project.”

yarn

thick thread made of cotton or wool, which is used to knit things

“Learners saw the word “yarn” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

arithmetic

the science of numbers involving adding, multiplying etc

“Learners saw the word “arithmetic” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

botanical

relating to plants or the scientific study of plants

“The speaker uses “botanical” to characterize the research project situation.”

carbohydrate

a substance that is in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes, which provides your body with heat and energy and which consists of oxygen, hydrogen , and carbon

“The research project report includes a section on the word “carbohydrate.””

concept

an idea of how something is, or how something should be done

“The research project report includes a section on the word “concept.””

ridicule

to laugh at a person, idea etc and say that they are stupid

“The speaker explains how “ridicule” is used in a report about the research project.”

belie

to give someone a false idea about something

“The speaker explains how “belie” is used in a report about the research project.”

highway

a wide main road that joins one town to another

“The speaker used the word “highway” while explaining the research project problem.”

imagination

the ability to form pictures or ideas in your mind

“The research project report includes a section on the word “imagination.””

refute

to prove that a statement or idea is not correct

“A clear example helps learners use “refute” in a sentence about the research project.”

residual

remaining after a process, event etc is finished

“The speaker uses “residual” to characterize the research project situation.”

evidence

to show that something exists or is true

“A clear example helps learners use “evidence” in a sentence about the research project.”

locate

to find the exact position of something

“In the research project discussion, the verb “locate” describes an action or change.”

botany

the scientific study of plants

“The speaker used the word “botany” while explaining the research project problem.”

proof

to proofread something

“Learners hear “proof” while following the research project explanation.”

serviceable

ready or able to be used

“The speaker uses “serviceable” to characterize the research project situation.”

aisle

a long passage between rows of seats in a church, plane, theatre etc, or between rows of shelves in a shop

“Learners saw the word “aisle” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

formulate

to develop something such as a plan or a set of rules, and decide all the details of how it will be done

“A clear example helps learners use “formulate” in a sentence about the research project.”

misconception

an idea which is wrong or untrue, but which people believe because they do not understand the subject properly

“A clear definition of the word “misconception” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

polarize

to divide into clearly separate groups with opposite beliefs, ideas, or opinions, or to make people do this

“Learners hear “polarize” while following the research project explanation.”

radio

a piece of electronic equipment which you use to listen to programmes that are broadcast, such as music and news

“A clear definition of the word “radio” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

rationalism

the belief that your actions should be based on scientific thinking rather than emotions or religious beliefs

“A clear definition of the word “rationalism” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

theorist

someone who develops ideas within a particular subject that explain why particular things happen or are true

“Learners saw the word “theorist” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

correlation

a connection between two ideas, facts etc, especially when one may be the cause of the other

“Learners saw the word “correlation” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

extinction

The extinction of a species of animal or plant is the death of all its remaining living members

“The speaker used the word “extinction” while explaining the research project problem.”

faithful

remaining loyal to a particular person, belief, political party etc and continuing to support them

“During the research project discussion, “faithful” signals a particular quality.”

insidious

an insidious change or problem spreads gradually without being noticed, and causes serious harm

“During the research project discussion, “insidious” signals a particular quality.”

relocate

if a person or business relocates, or if they are relocated, they move to a different place

“A clear example helps learners use “relocate” in a sentence about the research project.”

residue

a substance that remains on a surface, in a container etc and cannot be removed easily, or that remains after a chemical process

“The speaker used the word “residue” while explaining the research project problem.”

tailor

someone whose job is to make men’s clothes, that are measured to fit each customer perfectly

“A clear definition of the word “tailor” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

overrun

if unwanted things or people overrun a place, they spread over it in great numbers

“The speaker explains how “overrun” is used in a report about the research project.”

proliferate

if something proliferates, it increases quickly and spreads to many different places

“The speaker explains how “proliferate” is used in a report about the research project.”

timer

an instrument that you use to measure time, when you are doing something such as cooking

“The speaker used the word “timer” while explaining the research project problem.”

dinner

the main meal of the day, eaten in the middle of the day or the evening

“The research project report includes a section on the word “dinner.””

inventive

An inventive person is good at inventing things or has clever and original ideas

“The report describes the research project issue as inventive.”

main

a large pipe or wire carrying the public supply of water, electricity, or gas

“The speaker used the word “main” while explaining the research project problem.”

snack

a small amount of food that is eaten between main meals or instead of a meal

“The research project report includes a section on the word “snack.””

surmise

to guess that something is true, using the information you know already

“In the research project discussion, the verb “surmise” describes an action or change.”

accelerate

if a process accelerates or if something accelerates it, it happens faster than usual or sooner than you expect

“The speaker explains how “accelerate” is used in a report about the research project.”

base

the most important part of something, from which new ideas develop

“A clear definition of the word “base” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

commission

a group of people who have been given the official job of finding out about something or controlling something

“The speaker used the word “commission” while explaining the research project problem.”

excursion

a short journey arranged so that a group of people can visit a place, especially while they are on holiday

“The research project report includes a section on the word “excursion.””

longitude

the distance east or west of a particular meridian (imaginary line along the Earth’s surface from the North Pole to the South Pole), measured in degrees

“A clear definition of the word “longitude” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

outlying

far from the centre of a city, town etc or from a main building

“During the research project discussion, “outlying” signals a particular quality.”

subdivide

to divide into smaller parts something that is already divided

“A clear example helps learners use “subdivide” in a sentence about the research project.”

topography

the science of describing an area of land, or making maps of it

“The speaker used the word “topography” while explaining the research project problem.”

uniform

a particular type of clothing worn by all the members of a group or organization such as the police, the army etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “uniform.””

appreciate

to understand how serious or important a situation or problem is or what someone’s feelings are

“Learners hear “appreciate” while following the research project explanation.”

chart

to record information about a situation or set of events over a period of time, in order to see how it changes or develops

“Learners hear “chart” while following the research project explanation.”

compromise

to reach an agreement in which everyone involved accepts less than what they wanted at first

“Learners hear “compromise” while following the research project explanation.”

cotton

cloth or thread made from the white hair of the cotton plant

“A clear definition of the word “cotton” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

court

the place where a trial is held, or the people there, especially the judge and the jury who examine the evidence and decide whether someone is guilty or not guilty

“The speaker used the word “court” while explaining the research project problem.”

exploit

to treat someone unfairly by asking them to do things for you, but giving them very little in return – used to show disapproval

“The speaker explains how “exploit” is used in a report about the research project.”

flexible

a person, plan etc that is flexible can change or be changed easily to suit any new situation

“During the research project discussion, “flexible” signals a particular quality.”

forecast

a description of what is likely to happen in the future, based on the information that you have now

“A clear definition of the word “forecast” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

modify

to make small changes to something in order to improve it and make it more suitable or effective

“In the research project discussion, the verb “modify” describes an action or change.”

naturalistic

painted, written etc according to the ideas of naturalism

“During the research project discussion, “naturalistic” signals a particular quality.”

original

a work of art or a document that is not a copy, but is the one produced by the writer or artist

“The speaker used the word “original” while explaining the research project problem.”

outcome

the final result of a meeting, discussion, war etc – used especially when no one knows what it will be until it actually happens

“The research project report includes a section on the word “outcome.””

potential

the possibility that something will develop in a particular way, or have a particular effect

“The research project report includes a section on the word “potential.””

ratio

a relationship between two amounts, represented by a pair of numbers showing how much bigger one amount is than the other

“A clear definition of the word “ratio” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

readjust

to get used to a new situation, job, or way of life

“Learners hear “readjust” while following the research project explanation.”

reluctant

hesitating before doing sth because you do not want to do it or because you are not sure that it is the right thing to do

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as reluctant.”

section

a very thin flat piece that is cut from skin, a plant etc to be looked at under a microscope

“The speaker used the word “section” while explaining the research project problem.”

standpoint

a way of thinking about people, situations, ideas etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “standpoint.””

submit

to give a plan, piece of writing etc to someone in authority for them to consider or approve

“In the research project discussion, the verb “submit” describes an action or change.”

synthetic

produced by combining different artificial substances, rather than being naturally produced

“During the research project discussion, “synthetic” signals a particular quality.”

variation

a difference between similar things, or a change from the usual amount or form of something

“The speaker used the word “variation” while explaining the research project problem.”

withdraw

to stop taking part in an activity, belonging to an organization etc, or to make someone do this

“Learners hear “withdraw” while following the research project explanation.”

zoology

the scientific study of animals and their behaviour

“A clear definition of the word “zoology” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

absorb

to take in liquid, gas, or another substance from the surface or space around something

“The speaker explains how “absorb” is used in a report about the research project.”

acreage

the area of a piece of land measured in acres

“The research project report includes a section on the word “acreage.””

aeronautics

the science of designing and flying planes

“Learners saw the word “aeronautics” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

assimilation

the process of understanding and using new ideas

“The speaker used the word “assimilation” while explaining the research project problem.”

characteristic

a quality or feature of something or someone that is typical of them and easy to recognize

“The speaker used the word “characteristic” while explaining the research project problem.”

complex

a group of buildings, or a large building with many parts, used for a particular purpose

“The research project report includes a section on the word “complex.””

domestic

relating to or happening in one particular country and not involving any other countries

“The report describes the research project issue as domestic.”

justify

to give an acceptable explanation for something that other people think is unreasonable

“Learners hear “justify” while following the research project explanation.”

juxtaposition

The juxtaposition of two contrasting objects, images, or ideas is the fact that they are placed together or described together, so that the differences between them are emphasized

“The speaker used the word “juxtaposition” while explaining the research project problem.”

luxuriant

beautiful and pleasant to watch or listen to

“The report describes the research project issue as luxuriant.”

medium

a way of communicating information and news to people, such as newspapers, television etc

“The speaker used the word “medium” while explaining the research project problem.”

objective

something that you are trying hard to achieve, especially in business or politics

“A clear definition of the word “objective” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

originate

to have the idea for something and start it

“Learners hear “originate” while following the research project explanation.”

scatter

to throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover an area of ground

“Learners hear “scatter” while following the research project explanation.”

strand

a single thin piece of thread, wire, hair etc

“The research project report includes a section on the word “strand.””

symbolism

the use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities

“A clear definition of the word “symbolism” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

withstand

to defend yourself successfully against people who attack, criticize, or oppose you

“Learners hear “withstand” while following the research project explanation.”

appropriate

to take something for yourself when you do not have the right to do this

“A clear example helps learners use “appropriate” in a sentence about the research project.”

assess

to make a judgment about a person or situation after thinking carefully about it

“Learners hear “assess” while following the research project explanation.”

attribute

a quality or feature, especially one that is considered to be good or useful

“The research project report includes a section on the word “attribute.””

burrow

to make a hole or passage in the ground

“The speaker explains how “burrow” is used in a report about the research project.”

candidate

someone who is being considered for a job or is competing in an election

“The speaker used the word “candidate” while explaining the research project problem.”

collapse

a sudden failure in the way something works, so that it cannot continue

“A clear definition of the word “collapse” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

conservative

someone who supports or is a member of the Conservative Party in Britain

“The speaker used the word “conservative” while explaining the research project problem.”

considerable

fairly large, especially large enough to have an effect or be important

“During the research project discussion, “considerable” signals a particular quality.”

contemporary

someone who lived or was in a particular place at the same time as someone else

“A clear definition of the word “contemporary” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

contract

an official agreement between two or more people, stating what each will do

“Learners saw the word “contract” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

decrease

to become less or go down to a lower level, or to make something do this

“In the research project discussion, the verb “decrease” describes an action or change.”

depress

to prevent an economy from being as active and successful as it usually is

“Learners hear “depress” while following the research project explanation.”

dialect

a form of a language which is spoken only in one area, with words or grammar that are slightly different from other forms of the same language

“Learners saw the word “dialect” while comparing two sides of the research project issue.”

diverse

If a group of things is diverse, it is made up of a wide variety of things

“Researchers describe the research project evidence as diverse.”

embrace

to put your arms around someone and hold them in a friendly or loving way

“A clear example helps learners use “embrace” in a sentence about the research project.”

emergency

an unexpected and dangerous situation that must be dealt with immediately

“A clear definition of the word “emergency” helped the group discuss the research project topic.”

expand

to become larger in size, number, or amount, or to make something become larger

“In the research project discussion, the verb “expand” describes an action or change.”

hazard

to risk losing your money, property etc in an attempt to gain something

“Learners hear “hazard” while following the research project explanation.”

issue

a subject or problem that is often discussed or argued about, especially a social or political matter that affects the interests of a lot of people

“The speaker used the word “issue” while explaining the research project problem.”