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A deal, not a favour

Why Do Bees Visit Flowers?

Bees come for food. Flowers pay them in nectar to carry pollen around.

1 A flower offersnectar2 A bee comes tofeed3 Pollen ridesalong and makesseeds
Both sides get something. That is why it works.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    Plants cannot walk to each other.

    The problem Pollen must travelbetween plantsThe solution Hire something thatflies

    To make seeds, pollen from one flower must reach another flower of the same kind. The plant needs a courier.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    Nectar is the payment.

    Makes nectar Comes to drink it

    Flowers make sugary nectar for no other reason than to attract visitors. It is a wage, produced specifically to be given away.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    Pollen sticks to the bee by accident.

    A bee at a flower Pollen grains stuck allover its branched hairs

    Bee hair is branched and slightly charged, so pollen clings to it. The bee is not trying to carry it — it just cannot avoid it.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    The next flower collects it.

    1 Flies to thenext flower2 Pollen brushesoff3 Seeds can form

    At the following flower some grains brush off onto the receptive part. That is pollination — and now the plant can make seeds.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    Bees stay loyal to one flower type at a time.

    Random visits?Pollen wasted on wrongflowersOne species per trip Pollen arrives where itworks

    A foraging bee usually works one species per trip. That is precisely what the plant needs — pollen delivered to the right species.

    A single hive can visit millions of flowers in a day. Around a third of what we eat depends on this arrangement.

The short version

Bees visit flowers for nectar, and the pollen they accidentally carry lets plants make seeds.

Try it yourself

Watch one bee for a minute in a mixed flowerbed. It will almost certainly stick to a single kind of flower.

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