PTE Academic Environment and science

Integrated Academic English: Environment & change

Advanced academic language for synthesis, comparison, argument, and data description. Focus: environment & change.

Independent PTE Academic study resource — not official exam material.

Teens and up
Environment & science
Advanced · C1
250 words

Play word detective with these words All 6 ways to practise

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

cleft: a natural crack in something, especially the surface of rocks or the Earth; “Learners saw the word “cleft” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
geyser: a natural spring that sends hot water and steam suddenly into the air from a hole in the ground; “A clear definition of the word “geyser” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
glucose: a natural form of sugar that exists in fruit; “Learners saw the word “glucose” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
languid: moving slowly and involving very little energy; “The report describes the environmental project issue as languid.”
artless: natural, honest, and sincere; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as artless.”
graphite: a soft black substance that is a kind of carbon , used in pencils, paints, and electrical equipment; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “graphite.””
leakage: when gas, water etc leaks in or out, or the amount of it that has leaked; “Learners saw the word “leakage” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
perversion: a type of sexual behaviour that is considered unnatural and unacceptable; “The speaker used the word “perversion” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
gutter: the low part at the edge of a road where water collects and flows away; “A clear definition of the word “gutter” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
sprinkler: a piece of equipment used for scattering water on grass or soil; “Learners saw the word “sprinkler” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
photon: a unit of energy that carries light and has zero mass; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “photon.””
landfill: a place where waste is buried under the ground; “Learners saw the word “landfill” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
slough: an area of land covered in deep dirty water or mud; “Learners saw the word “slough” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
turbid: turbid water or liquid is dirty and muddy; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as turbid.”
wade: to walk through water that is not deep; “The speaker explains how “wade” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
contrived: seeming false and not natural; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as contrived.”
gargoyle: a stone figure of a strange and ugly creature, that carries rain water from the roof of an old building, especially a church; “Learners saw the word “gargoyle” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
sublimate: to use the energy that comes from sexual feelings to do something, such as work or art, that is more acceptable to your society; “Learners hear “sublimate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
ecstasy: an illegal drug that gives a feeling of happiness and energy. Ecstasy is especially used by people who go out to dance at clubs and parties.; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “ecstasy.””
gusher: a place in the ground where oil or water comes out very forcefully, so that a pump is not needed; “Learners saw the word “gusher” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
limnetic: of, relating to, or inhabiting the open water of lakes down to the depth of light penetration; “The speaker uses “limnetic” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
virility: the typically male quality of being strong, brave, and full of energy – used to show approval; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “virility.””
gulch: a narrow deep valley formed in the past by flowing water, but usually dry now; “A clear definition of the word “gulch” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
macerate: to make something soft by leaving it in water, or to become soft in this way; “Learners hear “macerate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
untamed: untamed land is still in its natural state and has not been developed by people; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as untamed.”
desiccate: to remove most of the water from (a substance or material); dehydrate; “The speaker explains how “desiccate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
factitious: made to happen artificially by people rather than happening naturally; “During the environmental project discussion, “factitious” signals a particular quality.”
swill: to wash something by pouring a lot of water over it or into it; “A clear example helps learners use “swill” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
exhilaration: a feeling of being happy, excited, and full of energy; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “exhilaration.””
douse: to stop a fire from burning by pouring water on it; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “douse” describes an action or change.”
fissure: a deep crack, especially in rock or earth; “The speaker used the word “fissure” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
lassitude: tiredness and lack of energy or interest; “Learners saw the word “lassitude” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
bouncing: healthy and full of energy; “The speaker uses “bouncing” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
frisky: full of energy and fun; “The report describes the environmental project issue as frisky.”
potable: potable water is safe to drink; “During the environmental project discussion, “potable” signals a particular quality.”
preternatural: beyond what is usual or normal; “The speaker uses “preternatural” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
subliminal: affecting your mind in a way that you are not conscious of; “The report describes the environmental project issue as subliminal.”
catholic: A Catholic is a member of the Catholic Church; “A clear definition of the word “catholic” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
deduct: to take away an amount or part from a total; “The speaker explains how “deduct” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
duration: the length of time that something continues; “Learners saw the word “duration” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
elapse: if a particular period of time elapses, it passes; “Learners hear “elapse” while following the environmental project explanation.”
emission: a gas or other substance that is sent into the air; “A clear definition of the word “emission” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
granite: a very hard grey rock, often used in building; “Learners saw the word “granite” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
layman: someone who is not trained in a particular subject or type of work, especially when they are being compared with someone who is; “Learners saw the word “layman” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
longevity: the amount of time that someone or something lives; “The speaker used the word “longevity” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
mingle: to combine or make one thing combine with another; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “mingle” describes an action or change.”
outrage: to make someone feel very angry and shocked; “A clear example helps learners use “outrage” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
proportional: something that is proportional to something else is in the correct or most suitable relationship to it in size, amount, importance etc; “The speaker uses “proportional” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
requisite: something that is needed for a particular purpose; “A clear definition of the word “requisite” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
squash: to use your power or authority to stop something; “The speaker explains how “squash” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
substance: a particular type of solid, liquid, or gas; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “substance.””
accurate: correct and true in every detail; “The report describes the environmental project issue as accurate.”
groove: a thin line cut into a hard surface; “Learners saw the word “groove” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
instruct: to officially tell someone what to do; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “instruct” describes an action or change.”
mass: the amount of material in something; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “mass.””
skull: the bones of a person’s or animal’s head; “A clear definition of the word “skull” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
trifle: something unimportant or not valuable; “Learners saw the word “trifle” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
combustion: the process of burning; “A clear definition of the word “combustion” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
bewilder: to confuse someone; “Learners hear “bewilder” while following the environmental project explanation.”
kinetic: relating to movement; “During the environmental project discussion, “kinetic” signals a particular quality.”
tabulate: to arrange figures or information together in a set or a list, so that they can be easily compared; “Learners hear “tabulate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
reservation: an arrangement which you make so that a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc is kept for you at a particular time in the future; “Learners saw the word “reservation” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
by-product: something additional that is produced during a natural or industrial process; “The speaker used the word “by-product” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
Saturn: the planet that is sixth in order from the sun and is surrounded by large rings; “The speaker used the word “saturn” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
affiliation: the connection or involvement that someone or something has with a political, religious etc organization; “Learners saw the word “affiliation” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
aurora: an atmospheric phenomenon consisting of bands, curtains, or streamers of light, usually green, red, or yellow, that move across the sky in polar regions; “Learners saw the word “aurora” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
authoritative: an authoritative book, account etc is respected because the person who wrote it knows a lot about the subject; “The speaker uses “authoritative” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
objection: a reason that you have for opposing or disapproving of something, or something you say that expresses this; “The speaker used the word “objection” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
pact: a formal agreement between two groups, countries, or people, especially to help each other or to stop fighting; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “pact.””
quarantine: to keep a person or animal apart from others for a period of time in case they are carrying a disease; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “quarantine” describes an action or change.”
responsible: if someone is responsible for an accident, mistake, crime etc, it is their fault or they can be blamed; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as responsible.”
syndrome: an illness which consists of a set of physical or mental problems – often used in the name of illnesses; “The speaker used the word “syndrome” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
boycott: to refuse to buy something, use something, or take part in something as a way of protesting; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “boycott” describes an action or change.”
critic: someone whose job is to make judgments about the good and bad qualities of art, music, films etc; “Learners saw the word “critic” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
hoard: to collect and save large amounts of food, money etc, especially when it is not necessary to do so; “Learners hear “hoard” while following the environmental project explanation.”
impartial: not involved in a particular situation, and therefore able to give a fair opinion or piece of advice; “During the environmental project discussion, “impartial” signals a particular quality.”
inflate: to fill something with air or gas so it becomes larger, or to become filled with air or gas; “A clear example helps learners use “inflate” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
respect: to admire someone because they have high standards and good qualities such as fairness and honesty; “Learners hear “respect” while following the environmental project explanation.”
revelation: a surprising fact about someone or something that was previously secret and is now made known; “The speaker used the word “revelation” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
appease: to make someone less angry or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want; “A clear example helps learners use “appease” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
audition: An audition is a short performance given by an actor, dancer, or musician so that a director or conductor can decide if they are good enough to be in a play, film, or orchestra; “The speaker used the word “audition” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
equity: a situation in which all people are treated equally and no one has an unfair advantage; “The speaker used the word “equity” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
indicate: to show that a particular situation exists, or that something is likely to be true; “The speaker explains how “indicate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
jargon: words and expressions used in a particular profession or by a particular group of people, which are difficult for other people to understand – often used to show disapproval; “The speaker used the word “jargon” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
larva: a young insect with a soft tube-shaped body, which will later become an insect with wings; “Learners saw the word “larva” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
residential: a residential part of a town consists of private houses, with no offices or factories; “The report describes the environmental project issue as residential.”
underlying: the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed; “The speaker uses “underlying” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
arthritis: a disease that causes the joints of your body to become swollen and very painful; “Learners saw the word “arthritis” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
district: an area of a town or the countryside, especially one with particular features; “Learners saw the word “district” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
embryo: an animal or human that has not yet been born, and has just begun to develop; “Learners saw the word “embryo” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
endure: to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining; “A clear example helps learners use “endure” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
intermediate: an intermediate stage in a process of development is between two other stages; “During the environmental project discussion, “intermediate” signals a particular quality.”
precipitation: a chemical process in which a solid substance is separated from a liquid; “A clear definition of the word “precipitation” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
punch: a metal tool for cutting holes or for pushing something into a small hole; “Learners saw the word “punch” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
scorn: the feeling that someone or something is stupid or does not deserve respect; “The speaker used the word “scorn” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
shroud: a cloth that is wrapped around a dead person’s body before it is buried; “The speaker used the word “shroud” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
virtue: an advantage that makes something better or more useful than something else; “A clear definition of the word “virtue” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
analogous: similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made; “The speaker uses “analogous” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
assent: to agree to a suggestion, idea etc after considering it carefully; “Learners hear “assent” while following the environmental project explanation.”
base: the most important part of something, from which new ideas develop; “A clear definition of the word “base” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
construction: the process of building things such as houses, bridges, roads etc; “A clear definition of the word “construction” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
cortex: the outer layer of an organ in your body, especially your brain; “The speaker used the word “cortex” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
glacier: a large mass of ice which moves slowly down a mountain valley; “A clear definition of the word “glacier” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
hybrid: an animal or plant produced from parents of different breeds or types; “Learners saw the word “hybrid” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
indignant: angry and surprised because you feel insulted or unfairly treated; “The report describes the environmental project issue as indignant.”
irrevocable: an irrevocable decision, action etc cannot be changed or stopped; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as irrevocable.”
methane: a gas that you cannot see or smell, which can be burned to give heat; “Learners saw the word “methane” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
outstrip: to do something better than someone else or be more successful; “Learners hear “outstrip” while following the environmental project explanation.”
precedent: something of the same type that has happened or existed before; “Learners saw the word “precedent” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
reimburse: to pay money back to someone when their money has been spent or lost; “Learners hear “reimburse” while following the environmental project explanation.”
replenish: to put new supplies into something, or to fill something again; “Learners hear “replenish” while following the environmental project explanation.”
subdue: to defeat or control a person or group, especially using force; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “subdue” describes an action or change.”
antedate: to come from an earlier time in history than something else; “Learners hear “antedate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
asthma: a medical condition that causes difficulties in breathing; “Learners saw the word “asthma” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
bestow: to give someone something of great value or importance; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “bestow” describes an action or change.”
commensurate: matching something in size, quality, or length of time; “During the environmental project discussion, “commensurate” signals a particular quality.”
comprehend: to understand something that is complicated or difficult; “The speaker explains how “comprehend” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
construct: to build something such as a house, bridge, road etc; “The speaker explains how “construct” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
devour: to eat something quickly because you are very hungry; “The speaker explains how “devour” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
forsake: to stop doing, using, or having something that you enjoy; “A clear example helps learners use “forsake” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
herald: someone who carried messages from a ruler in the past; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “herald.””
increment: the amount by which a number, value, or amount increases; “The speaker used the word “increment” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
nimble: able to move quickly and easily with light neat movements; “During the environmental project discussion, “nimble” signals a particular quality.”
ornamental: Something that is ornamental is attractive and decorative; “The speaker uses “ornamental” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
quote: to repeat exactly what someone else has said or written; “Learners hear “quote” while following the environmental project explanation.”
reject: to refuse to accept, believe in, or agree with something; “The speaker explains how “reject” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
rescind: to officially end a law, or change a decision or agreement; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “rescind” describes an action or change.”
ridicule: to laugh at a person, idea etc and say that they are stupid; “The speaker explains how “ridicule” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
secure: to make something safe from being attacked, harmed, or lost; “A clear example helps learners use “secure” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
sticky: made of or covered with a substance that sticks to surfaces; “During the environmental project discussion, “sticky” signals a particular quality.”
aesthetic: connected with beauty and the study of beauty; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as aesthetic.”
anecdote: a short story based on your personal experience; “A clear definition of the word “anecdote” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
aspiration: a strong desire to have or achieve something; “Learners saw the word “aspiration” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
avert: to prevent something unpleasant from happening; “Learners hear “avert” while following the environmental project explanation.”
comprise: to consist of particular parts, groups etc; “Learners hear “comprise” while following the environmental project explanation.”
dexterity: skill and speed in doing something with your hands; “Learners saw the word “dexterity” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
diaper: a piece of soft cloth or soft paper that is put between a baby’s legs and fastened around its waist to hold liquid and solid waste; “The speaker used the word “diaper” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
divulge: to give someone information that should be secret; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “divulge” describes an action or change.”
enlist: to persuade someone to help you to do something; “A clear example helps learners use “enlist” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
forage: to go around searching for food or other supplies; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “forage” describes an action or change.”
formaldehyde: a strong-smelling gas that can be mixed with water and used for preserving things such as dead animals to be used in science etc; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “formaldehyde.””
hedge: to avoid giving a direct answer to a question; “The speaker explains how “hedge” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
neutron: a part of an atom that has no electrical charge; “A clear definition of the word “neutron” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
rangeland: land that naturally produces forage plants suitable for grazing but where rainfall is too low or erratic for growing crops; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “rangeland.””
relieve: to reduce someone’s pain or unpleasant feelings; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “relieve” describes an action or change.”
stout: fairly fat and heavy, or having a thick body; “During the environmental project discussion, “stout” signals a particular quality.”
stylized: drawn, written, or performed in an artificial style that does not look natural or real, but that is still pleasant to look at; “The report describes the environmental project issue as stylized.”
subjugate: to defeat a person or group and make them obey you; “Learners hear “subjugate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
astrolabe: an instrument used by early astronomers to measure the altitude of stars and planets and also as a navigational aid; “The speaker used the word “astrolabe” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
authenticate: to prove that something is true or real; “A clear example helps learners use “authenticate” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
bilingual: written or spoken in two languages; “During the environmental project discussion, “bilingual” signals a particular quality.”
brew: a drink that is brewed, especially tea; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “brew.””
delta: the fourth letter of the Greek alphabet; “Learners saw the word “delta” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
dissuade: to persuade someone not to do something; “Learners hear “dissuade” while following the environmental project explanation.”
grove: a piece of land with trees growing on it; “A clear definition of the word “grove” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
herbivore: an animal that only eats plants; “Learners saw the word “herbivore” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
proficient: able to do something well or skilfully; “During the environmental project discussion, “proficient” signals a particular quality.”
ruin: to spoil or destroy something completely; “Learners hear “ruin” while following the environmental project explanation.”
settlement: an official agreement or decision that ends an argument, a court case, or a fight, or the action of making an agreement; “The speaker used the word “settlement” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
solvent: having enough money to pay your debts; “During the environmental project discussion, “solvent” signals a particular quality.”
stalemate: a situation in which it seems impossible to settle an argument or disagreement, and neither side can get an advantage; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “stalemate.””
theophylline: a white crystalline slightly water-soluble alkaloid that is an isomer of theobromine: it occurs in plants, such as tea, and is used to treat asthma; “The speaker used the word “theophylline” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
thrifty: using money carefully and wisely; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as thrifty.”
tranquil: pleasantly calm, quiet, and peaceful; “The report describes the environmental project issue as tranquil.”
vegetarian: someone who does not eat meat or fish; “Learners saw the word “vegetarian” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
ascertain: to find out something; “Learners hear “ascertain” while following the environmental project explanation.”
blunt: to make a feeling less strong; “The speaker explains how “blunt” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
brutal: very cruel and violent; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as brutal.”
carnivore: an animal that eats flesh; “The speaker used the word “carnivore” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
cohere: if ideas, arguments, beliefs, statements etc cohere, they are connected in a clear and reasonable way; “Learners hear “cohere” while following the environmental project explanation.”
cuisine: a particular style of cooking; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “cuisine.””
elliptical: having the shape of an ellipse; “During the environmental project discussion, “elliptical” signals a particular quality.”
fascinating: extremely interesting; “During the environmental project discussion, “fascinating” signals a particular quality.”
optimal: the best or most suitable; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as optimal.”
perigee: the point in its orbit around the earth when the moon or an artificial satellite is nearest the earth; “The speaker used the word “perigee” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
relict: a group of animals or plants that exists as a remnant of a formerly widely distributed group in an environment different from that in which it originated; “A clear definition of the word “relict” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
seine: a large fishing net that hangs vertically in the water by means of floats at the top and weights at the bottom; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “seine.””
symmetric: (of a relation) holding between a pair of arguments x and y when and only when it holds between y and x, as; “The speaker uses “symmetric” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
tarpaulin: a large heavy cloth or piece of thick plastic that water will not pass through, used to keep rain off things; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “tarpaulin.””
conspicuous: very easy to notice; “During the environmental project discussion, “conspicuous” signals a particular quality.”
disorientate: If something disorientates you, you lose your sense of direction, or you generally feel lost and uncertain, for example, because you are in an unfamiliar environment; “A clear example helps learners use “disorientate” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
excreta: the solid or liquid waste material that people and animals produce and get rid of from their bodies; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “excreta.””
gallop: a very fast speed; “A clear definition of the word “gallop” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
meridian: one of the imaginary lines from the North Pole to the South Pole, drawn on a map of the Earth; “The speaker used the word “meridian” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
monarch: a king or queen; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “monarch.””
naturalize: if someone born outside a particular country is naturalized, they become a citizen of that country; “A clear example helps learners use “naturalize” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
sluice: a passage for water to flow through, with a special gate which can be opened or closed to control it; “The speaker used the word “sluice” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
astute: able to understand situations or behaviour very well and very quickly, especially so that you can get an advantage for yourself; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as astute.”
autotype: a photographic process for producing prints in black and white, using a carbon pigment; “A clear definition of the word “autotype” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
cleavage: a difference between two people or things that often causes problems or arguments; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “cleavage.””
counterattack: an attack you make against someone who has attacked you, in a war, sport, or argument; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “counterattack.””
cramp: a severe pain that you get in part of your body when a muscle becomes too tight, making it difficult for you to move that part of your body; “A clear definition of the word “cramp” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
dendrology: the branch of botany that is concerned with the natural history of trees and shrubs; “A clear definition of the word “dendrology” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
fictitious: Fictitious is used to describe something that is false or does not exist, although some people claim that it is true or exists; “During the environmental project discussion, “fictitious” signals a particular quality.”
gnat: A gnat is a very small flying insect that bites people and usually lives near water; “Learners saw the word “gnat” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
heretical: A belief or action that is heretical is one that most people think is wrong because it disagrees with beliefs that are generally accepted; “The speaker uses “heretical” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
isthmus: a narrow piece of land with water on both sides, that connects two larger areas of land; “The speaker used the word “isthmus” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
mischievous: someone who is mischievous likes to have fun, especially by playing tricks on people or doing things to annoy or embarrass them; “During the environmental project discussion, “mischievous” signals a particular quality.”
pancreas: a gland inside your body, near your stomach, that produces insulin and a liquid that helps your body to use the food that you eat; “The speaker used the word “pancreas” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
pollen: a fine powder produced by flowers, which is carried by the wind or by insects to other flowers of the same type, making them produce seeds; “Learners saw the word “pollen” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
refund: to give someone their money back, especially because they are not satisfied with the goods or services they have paid for; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “refund” describes an action or change.”
seismograph: an instrument that measures and records the movement of the earth during an earthquake; “Learners saw the word “seismograph” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
spoor: the track of footmarks or solid waste that a wild animal leaves as it moves along; “A clear definition of the word “spoor” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
tarnish: if metals such as silver, copper , or brass tarnish, or if something tarnishes them, they become dull and lose their colour; “The speaker explains how “tarnish” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
teem: If you say that a place is teeming with people or animals, you mean that it is crowded and the people and animals are moving around a lot; “A clear example helps learners use “teem” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
water-borne: A waterborne disease or infection is one that people can catch from infected water; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as water-borne.”
aftermath: the period of time after something such as a war, storm, or accident when people are still dealing with the results; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “aftermath.””
ambush: a sudden attack on someone by people who have been hiding and waiting for them, or the place where this happens; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “ambush.””
antifreeze: a liquid that is put in the water in car engines to stop it from freezing; “The speaker used the word “antifreeze” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
backwater: a part of a river away from the main part, where the water does not move; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “backwater.””
ballast: heavy material that is carried by a ship to make it more steady in the water; “A clear definition of the word “ballast” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
breakwater: a wall built out into the sea to protect the shore from the force of the waves; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “breakwater.””
caterpillar: a small creature like a worm with many legs that eats leaves and that develops into a butterfly or other flying insect; “A clear definition of the word “caterpillar” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
define: to describe something correctly and thoroughly, and to say what standards, limits, qualities etc it has that make it different from other things; “A clear example helps learners use “define” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
grievous: If you describe something such as a loss as grievous, you mean that it is extremely serious or worrying in its effects; “The report describes the environmental project issue as grievous.”
kelvin: a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 273.15 K and boils at 373.15 K; “The speaker used the word “kelvin” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
microbe: an extremely small living thing which you can only see if you use a microscope . Some microbes can cause diseases.; “The speaker used the word “microbe” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
nomad: a member of a tribe that travels from place to place instead of living in one place all the time, usually in order to find grass for their animals; “A clear definition of the word “nomad” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
oomph: a quality that makes something attractive and exciting and that shows energy; “A clear definition of the word “oomph” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
patina: a greenish layer that forms naturally on the surface of copper or bronze; “The speaker used the word “patina” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
prelude: a short piece of music, especially one played at the beginning of a longer musical piece or before a church ceremony; “The speaker used the word “prelude” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
spaghetti: a type of pasta in very long thin pieces, that is cooked in boiling water; “The speaker used the word “spaghetti” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
tremulous: If someone's voice, smile, or actions are tremulous, they are unsteady because the person is uncertain, afraid, or upset; “The report describes the environmental project issue as tremulous.”
truce: an agreement between enemies to stop fighting or arguing for a short time, or the period for which this is arranged; “A clear definition of the word “truce” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
upstream: along a river, in the opposite direction from the way the water is flowing; “The report explains why the environmental project pattern developed upstream.”
campsite: an area where people can camp, often with a water supply and toilets; “Learners saw the word “campsite” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
circumnavigate: to sail, fly, or travel completely around the Earth, an island etc; “Learners hear “circumnavigate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
code: to put a set of numbers, letters, or symbols on something to show what it is or give information about it; “A clear example helps learners use “code” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
defiant: If you say that someone is defiant, you mean they show aggression or independence by refusing to obey someone; “During the environmental project discussion, “defiant” signals a particular quality.”
derelict: a derelict building or piece of land is in very bad condition because it has not been used for a long time; “The report describes the environmental project issue as derelict.”
detritus: pieces of waste that remain after something has been broken up or used; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “detritus.””
diatom: any microscopic unicellular alga of the phylum Bacillariophyta, occurring in marine or fresh water singly or in colonies, each cell having a cell wall made of two halves and impregnated with silica; “Learners saw the word “diatom” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
downstream: in the direction that the water in a river or stream is flowing; “The speaker explained the environmental project change downstream.”
entice: to persuade someone to do something or go somewhere, usually by offering them something that they want; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “entice” describes an action or change.”
incontinent: unable to control the passing of liquid or solid waste from your body; “The speaker uses “incontinent” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
infiltrate: to secretly join an organization or enter a place in order to find out information about it or harm it; “Learners hear “infiltrate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
interrogate: to ask someone a lot of questions for a long time in order to get information, sometimes using threats; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “interrogate” describes an action or change.”
monumental: a monumental achievement, piece of work etc is very important and is usually based on many years of work; “The report describes the environmental project issue as monumental.”
platitude: a statement that has been made many times before and is not interesting or clever – used to show disapproval; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “platitude.””
prorate: If a cost is prorated, it is divided or assessed in a proportional way; “The speaker explains how “prorate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
rancorous: A rancorous argument or person is full of bitterness and anger; “The report describes the environmental project issue as rancorous.”
reversal: A reversal of a process, policy, or trend is a complete change in it; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “reversal.””
sardonic: showing that you do not have a good opinion of someone or something, and feel that you are better than them; “During the environmental project discussion, “sardonic” signals a particular quality.”
submission: the state of being completely controlled by a person or group, and accepting that you have to obey them; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “submission.””
substratum: a layer that lies beneath another layer, especially in the earth; “Learners saw the word “substratum” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
supplant: to take the place of a person or thing so that they are no longer used, no longer in a position of power etc; “A clear example helps learners use “supplant” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
taboo: a custom that says you must avoid a particular activity or subject, either because it is considered offensive or because your religion does not allow it; “The speaker used the word “taboo” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
tortuous: a tortuous path, stream, road etc has a lot of bends in it and is therefore difficult to travel along; “The speaker uses “tortuous” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
wean: to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal on its mother’s milk and start giving it ordinary food; “A clear example helps learners use “wean” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
abut: if one piece of land or a building abuts another, it is next to it or touches one side of it; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “abut” describes an action or change.”