PTE Academic Environment and science

Reading & Vocabulary: Environment & change

Academic words for understanding texts, paraphrase, cohesion, and precise meaning. Focus: environment & change.

Independent PTE Academic study resource — not official exam material.

Teens and up
Environment & science
Confident · B2
250 words

Play word detective with these words All 6 ways to practise

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

leaven: a substance, especially yeast, that is added to a mixture of flour and water so that it will swell and can be baked into bread; “A clear definition of the word “leaven” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
adverb: a word that adds to the meaning of a verb, an adjective, another adverb, or a whole sentence, such as ‘slowly’ in ‘He ran slowly’, ‘very’ in ‘It’s very hot’, or ‘naturally’ in ‘Naturally, we want you to come.’; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “adverb.””
alkaloid: any of a group of nitrogenous basic compounds found in plants, typically insoluble in water and physiologically active; “The speaker used the word “alkaloid” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
pier: a structure that is built over and into the water so that boats can stop next to it or people can walk along it; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “pier.””
prodigy: A prodigy is someone young who has a great natural ability for something such as music, mathematics, or sports; “Learners saw the word “prodigy” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
aqueduct: An aqueduct is a large pipe or canal that carries a water supply to a city or a farming area; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “aqueduct.””
gravitation: the force that causes two objects such as planets to move towards each other because of their mass; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “gravitation.””
fission: the process of splitting an atom to produce large amounts of energy or an explosion; “A clear definition of the word “fission” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
algae: a very simple plant without stems or leaves that grows in or near water; “Learners saw the word “algae” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
hydrocarbon: a chemical compound that consists of hydrogen and carbon , such as coal or gas; “A clear definition of the word “hydrocarbon” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
primeval: belonging to the earliest time in the existence of the universe or the Earth; “The report describes the environmental project issue as primeval.”
watertight: a watertight container, roof, door etc does not allow water to get in or out; “During the environmental project discussion, “watertight” signals a particular quality.”
wharf: a structure that is built out into the water so that boats can stop next to it; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “wharf.””
brine: water that contains a lot of salt and is used for preserving food; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “brine.””
deposition: the natural process of depositing a substance on rocks or soil; “Learners saw the word “deposition” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
excrement: the solid waste material that you get rid of through your bowels; “A clear definition of the word “excrement” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
permeable: material that is permeable allows water, gas etc to pass through it; “The speaker uses “permeable” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
reactor: a large structure used for the controlled production of nuclear energy; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “reactor.””
wring: to tightly twist a wet cloth or wet clothes in order to remove water; “A clear example helps learners use “wring” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
naturalistic: painted, written etc according to the ideas of naturalism; “During the environmental project discussion, “naturalistic” signals a particular quality.”
earthenware: Earthenware objects are referred to as earthenware; “Learners saw the word “earthenware” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
hearth: the area of floor around a fireplace in a house; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “hearth.””
Venus: the planetthat is second in order from the Sun; “The speaker used the word “venus” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
heater: a machine for making air or water hotter; “The speaker used the word “heater” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
subterranean: beneath the surface of the earth; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as subterranean.”
watery: full of water or relating to water; “The report describes the environmental project issue as watery.”
inlet: a narrow area of water that reaches from the sea or a lake into the land; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “inlet.””
wasteful: using more of something than you should, especially money, time, or effort; “During the environmental project discussion, “wasteful” signals a particular quality.”
energy: the physical and mental strength that makes you able to do things; “Learners saw the word “energy” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
disfigure: to spoil the appearance that something naturally has; “Learners hear “disfigure” while following the environmental project explanation.”
lively: someone who is lively has a lot of energy and is very active; “The speaker uses “lively” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
bulldozer: a powerful vehicle with a broad metal blade, used for moving earth and rocks, destroying buildings etc; “A clear definition of the word “bulldozer” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
dike: A dike is a thick wall that is built to stop water flooding onto very low-lying land from a river or from the ocean; “The speaker used the word “dike” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
mortar: a mixture of cement or lime , and sand and water, used in building for holding bricks or stones together; “The speaker used the word “mortar” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
natural: a musical note that has been changed from a flat to be a semitone higher, or from a sharp to be a semitone lower; “A clear definition of the word “natural” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
rice: a food that consists of small white or brown grains that you boil in water until they become soft enough to eat; “A clear definition of the word “rice” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
underwater: Something that exists or happens underwater exists or happens below the surface of the ocean, a river, or a lake; “The report explains why the environmental project pattern developed underwater.”
bladder: the organ in your body that holds urine (= waste liquid ) until it is passed out of your body; “Learners saw the word “bladder” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
boisterous: someone, especially a child, who is boisterous makes a lot of noise and has a lot of energy; “During the environmental project discussion, “boisterous” signals a particular quality.”
cholera: a serious disease that causes sickness and sometimes death. It is caused by eating infected food or drinking infected water.; “Learners saw the word “cholera” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
dilution: A dilution is a liquid that has been diluted with water or another liquid, so that it becomes weaker; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “dilution.””
snow: soft white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky in cold weather and cover the ground; “A clear definition of the word “snow” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
trouble: to say something or ask someone to do something which may use or waste their time or upset them; “The speaker explains how “trouble” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
voluble: If you say that someone is voluble, you mean that they talk a lot with great energy and enthusiasm; “The speaker uses “voluble” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
watershed: the time in the evening after which television programmes that are not considered suitable for children may be shown in Britain; “A clear definition of the word “watershed” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
diver: someone who swims or works under water using special equipment to help them breathe; “Learners saw the word “diver” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
ghostly: Something that is ghostly seems unreal or unnatural and may be frightening because of this; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as ghostly.”
lagoon: a lake of sea water that is partly separated from the sea by rocks, sand, or coral; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “lagoon.””
rampart: a wide pile of earth or a stone wall built to protect a castle or city in the past; “A clear definition of the word “rampart” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
slag: a waste material similar to glass, which remains after metal has been obtained from rock; “A clear definition of the word “slag” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
hippopotamus: a large grey African animal with a big head and mouth that lives near water; “The speaker used the word “hippopotamus” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
moat: a deep wide hole, usually filled with water, dug around a castle as a defence; “The speaker used the word “moat” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
prodigal: someone who spends money carelessly and wastes their time – used humorously; “Learners saw the word “prodigal” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
sod: a piece of earth or the layer of earth with grass and roots growing in it; “Learners saw the word “sod” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
vortex: a mass of wind or water that spins quickly and pulls things into its centre; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “vortex.””
waterfall: a place where water from a river or stream falls down over a cliff or rock; “Learners saw the word “waterfall” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
amphibian: an animal such as a frog that can live both on land and in water; “The speaker used the word “amphibian” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
celsius: a scale of temperature in which water freezes at 0˚ and boils at 100˚; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “celsius.””
keel: a bar along the bottom of a boat that keeps it steady in the water; “The speaker used the word “keel” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
Mars: the small red planet that is fourth in order from the Sun and is nearest the Earth; “A clear definition of the word “mars” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
scum: an unpleasant dirty substance that forms on the surface of water; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “scum.””
ski: to move on skis for sport or in order to travel on snow or water; “A clear example helps learners use “ski” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
sky: the space above the earth where clouds and the sun and stars appear; “A clear definition of the word “sky” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
sleep: the natural state of resting your mind and body, usually at night; “The speaker used the word “sleep” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
stop: to block a hole or pipe so that water, smoke etc cannot go through it; “Learners hear “stop” while following the environmental project explanation.”
urine: the yellow liquid waste that comes out of the body from the bladder; “A clear definition of the word “urine” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
waterproof: a jacket or coat that does not allow rain and water through it; “The speaker used the word “waterproof” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
wild: living in a natural state, not changed or controlled by people; “The report describes the environmental project issue as wild.”
complexion: the natural colour or appearance of the skin on your face; “Learners saw the word “complexion” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
environmentalist: someone who is concerned about protecting the environment; “Learners saw the word “environmentalist” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
resourceful: good at finding ways of dealing with practical problems; “During the environmental project discussion, “resourceful” signals a particular quality.”
skin: the natural outer layer of a person’s or animal’s body; “The speaker used the word “skin” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
swim: to move yourself through water using your arms and legs; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “swim” describes an action or change.”
thrift: wise and careful use of money, so that none is wasted; “The speaker used the word “thrift” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
astronomer: a scientist who studies the stars and planet s; “Learners saw the word “astronomer” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
dung: solid waste from animals, especially cows; “Learners saw the word “dung” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
freezing: below the temperature at which water turns to ice; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as freezing.”
supernatural: The supernatural is things that are supernatural; “Learners saw the word “supernatural” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
unnatural: different from what you would normally expect; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as unnatural.”
wash: to clean something using water and a type of soap; “A clear example helps learners use “wash” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
earthen: an earthen floor or wall is made of soil; “During the environmental project discussion, “earthen” signals a particular quality.”
ecologist: a scientist who studies ecology; “The speaker used the word “ecologist” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
hydroelectric: using water power to produce electricity; “The speaker uses “hydroelectric” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
sunlight: natural light that comes from the sun; “Learners saw the word “sunlight” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
waterway: a river or canal that boats travel on; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “waterway.””
distil: If a liquid such as whisky or water is distilled, it is heated until it changes into steam or vapour and then cooled until it becomes liquid again. This is usually done in order to make it pure.; “The speaker explains how “distil” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
romanticism: a way of writing or painting that was popular in the late 18th and early 19th century, in which feelings, imagination, and wild natural beauty were considered more important than anything else; “Learners saw the word “romanticism” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
sleepy: tired and ready to sleep; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as sleepy.”
square: having four straight equal sides and 90˚ angles at the corners; “The speaker uses “square” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
strip: to remove something that is covering the surface of something else; “Learners hear “strip” while following the environmental project explanation.”
subsidiary: a company that is owned or controlled by another larger company; “A clear definition of the word “subsidiary” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
tension: a nervous worried feeling that makes it impossible for you to relax; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “tension.””
access: the way you use to enter a building or reach a place; “Learners saw the word “access” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
accommodate: to provide someone with a place to stay, live, or work; “The speaker explains how “accommodate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
advent: the time when something first begins to be widely used; “Learners saw the word “advent” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
aggravate: to make a bad situation, an illness, or an injury worse; “Learners hear “aggravate” while following the environmental project explanation.”
aspire: to desire and work towards achieving something important; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “aspire” describes an action or change.”
blaze: a big dangerous fire – used especially in news reports; “Learners saw the word “blaze” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
compliment: a remark that shows you admire someone or something; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “compliment.””
conceive: to think of a new idea, plan etc and develop it in your mind; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “conceive” describes an action or change.”
deplete: To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it; “A clear example helps learners use “deplete” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
dwindle: to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller; “A clear example helps learners use “dwindle” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
edge: the part of an object that is furthest from its centre; “The speaker used the word “edge” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
excavate: to make a hole in the ground by digging up soil etc; “The speaker explains how “excavate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
foil: to prevent something bad that someone is planning to do; “Learners hear “foil” while following the environmental project explanation.”
glue: a sticky substance used for joining things together; “The speaker used the word “glue” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
hinder: to make it difficult for something to develop or succeed; “Learners hear “hinder” while following the environmental project explanation.”
impair: to damage something or make it not as good as it should be; “Learners hear “impair” while following the environmental project explanation.”
inhibit: to prevent something from growing or developing well; “A clear example helps learners use “inhibit” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
limb: an arm or a leg; a similar part of an animal, such as a wing; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “limb.””
offspring: someone’s child or children – often used humorously; “Learners saw the word “offspring” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
overlook: to not notice something, or not see how important it is; “The speaker explains how “overlook” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
partition: a thin wall that separates one part of a room from another; “Learners saw the word “partition” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
polar: close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pole; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as polar.”
polish: an act of polishing a surface to make it smooth and shiny; “A clear definition of the word “polish” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
productive: relating to the production of goods, crops, or wealth; “The speaker uses “productive” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
rear: to look after a person or animal until they are fully grown; “Learners hear “rear” while following the environmental project explanation.”
recipe: a set of instructions for cooking a particular type of food; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “recipe.””
refreshment: the experience of being made to feel less tired or hot; “A clear definition of the word “refreshment” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
toxic: containing poison, or caused by poisonous substances; “During the environmental project discussion, “toxic” signals a particular quality.”
triumph: an important victory or success after a difficult struggle; “The speaker used the word “triumph” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
tropical: coming from or existing in the hottest parts of the world; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as tropical.”
vegetation: Plants, trees, and flowers can be referred to as vegetation; “Learners saw the word “vegetation” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
virus: a very small living thing that causes infectious illnesses; “The speaker used the word “virus” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
vulnerable: someone who is vulnerable can be easily harmed or hurt; “The report describes the environmental project issue as vulnerable.”
ample: large in a way that is attractive or pleasant; “During the environmental project discussion, “ample” signals a particular quality.”
clockwise: in the same direction as the hands of a clock move; “The speaker explained the environmental project change clockwise.”
consumer: someone who buys and uses products and services; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “consumer.””
correspondence: the process of sending and receiving letters; “Learners saw the word “correspondence” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
curve: a line that gradually bends like part of a circle; “The speaker used the word “curve” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
diminish: to become or make something become smaller or less; “The speaker explains how “diminish” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
discount: a reduction in the usual price of something; “The speaker used the word “discount” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
drawback: a disadvantage of a situation, plan, product etc; “A clear definition of the word “drawback” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
engrave: to cut words or designs on metal, wood, glass etc; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “engrave” describes an action or change.”
esteem: to respect and admire someone or something; “A clear example helps learners use “esteem” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
everlasting: continuing for ever, even after someone has died; “The report describes the environmental project issue as everlasting.”
evoke: to produce a strong feeling or memory in someone; “Learners hear “evoke” while following the environmental project explanation.”
explicit: expressed in a way that is very clear and direct; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as explicit.”
germ: a very small living thing that can make you ill; “A clear definition of the word “germ” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
insert: to put something inside or into something else; “The speaker explains how “insert” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
intelligible: Something that is intelligible can be understood; “The report describes the environmental project issue as intelligible.”
log: to make an official record of events, facts etc; “Learners hear “log” while following the environmental project explanation.”
menace: a threatening quality, feeling, or way of behaving; “The speaker used the word “menace” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
negligible: too slight or unimportant to have any effect; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as negligible.”
reign: the period when someone is king, queen, or emperor; “The speaker used the word “reign” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
reproduce: to make a photograph or printed copy of something; “The speaker explains how “reproduce” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
resemblance: the fact of being or looking similar to sb/sth; “The speaker used the word “resemblance” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
spectacle: A spectacle is a strange or interesting sight; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “spectacle.””
temper: a tendency to become angry suddenly or easily; “The speaker used the word “temper” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
cosmic: relating to space or the universe; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as cosmic.”
decline: to decrease in quantity or importance; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “decline” describes an action or change.”
edible: something that is edible can be eaten; “The speaker uses “edible” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
frequent: to go to a particular place often; “Learners hear “frequent” while following the environmental project explanation.”
global: affecting or including the whole world; “The speaker uses “global” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
imaginative: containing new and interesting ideas; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as imaginative.”
innumerable: very many, or too many to be counted; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as innumerable.”
interior: the inner part or inside of something; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “interior.””
legitimate: to make something official or legal; “The speaker explains how “legitimate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
lethal: causing death, or able to cause death; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as lethal.”
massive: very large in size, quantity, or extent; “The report describes the environmental project issue as massive.”
mess: to make something look untidy or dirty; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “mess” describes an action or change.”
monotonous: boring because of always being the same; “The speaker uses “monotonous” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
mundane: ordinary and not interesting or exciting; “The report describes the environmental project issue as mundane.”
numerical: expressed or considered in numbers; “The report describes the environmental project issue as numerical.”
obligation: a moral or legal duty to do something; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “obligation.””
proficiency: a good standard of ability and skill; “A clear definition of the word “proficiency” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
ramble: a walk in the countryside for pleasure; “A clear definition of the word “ramble” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
rectify: to correct something that is wrong; “Learners hear “rectify” while following the environmental project explanation.”
robust: a robust person is strong and healthy; “During the environmental project discussion, “robust” signals a particular quality.”
spill: a fall from a horse, bicycle etc; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “spill.””
stationary: standing still instead of moving; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as stationary.”
stiff: a stiff punishment is great or severe; “The report describes the environmental project issue as stiff.”
arc: a curved shape or line; “Learners saw the word “arc” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
bigamist: A bigamist is a person who commits the crime of marrying someone when they are already legally married to someone else; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “bigamist.””
biome: a type of environment that is described according to the typical weather conditions and plants that exist there; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “biome.””
boiler: a container for boiling water that is part of a steam engine, or is used to provide heating in a house; “The speaker used the word “boiler” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
chill: a feeling of coldness; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “chill.””
creation: the act of creating something; “The speaker used the word “creation” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
desiccant: a substance, such as calcium oxide, that absorbs water and is used to remove moisture; a drying agent; “Learners saw the word “desiccant” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
genetic: relating to genes or genetics; “During the environmental project discussion, “genetic” signals a particular quality.”
localize: If you localize something, you limit the size of the area that it affects and prevent it from spreading; “A clear example helps learners use “localize” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
malt: grain, usually barley , that has been kept in water for a time and then dried. It is used for making beer, whisky etc.; “Learners saw the word “malt” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
maritime: relating to the sea or ships; “The report describes the environmental project issue as maritime.”
oilskin: special cloth that has had oil put on it so that it has a smooth surface and water cannot go through it; “The speaker used the word “oilskin” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
palimpsest: a manuscript on which two or more successive texts have been written, each one being erased to make room for the next; “Learners saw the word “palimpsest” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
peacock: a large bird, the male of which has long blue and green tail feathers that it can lift up and spread out; “Learners saw the word “peacock” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
plant: a living thing that has leaves and roots and grows in earth, especially one that is smaller than a tree; “A clear definition of the word “plant” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
protrude: to stick out from somewhere; “The speaker explains how “protrude” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
proximity: nearness in distance or time; “The speaker used the word “proximity” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
refract: if glass or water refracts light, the light changes direction when it passes through the glass or water; “A clear example helps learners use “refract” in a sentence about the environmental project.”
rinse: to wash clothes, dishes, vegetables etc quickly with water, especially running water, and without soap; “The speaker explains how “rinse” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
unique: unusually good and special; “During the environmental project discussion, “unique” signals a particular quality.”
vivacious: someone, especially a woman, who is vivacious has a lot of energy and a happy attractive manner – used to show approval; “The speaker uses “vivacious” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
wildflower: Wildflowers are flowers that grow naturally in the countryside, rather than being grown by people in gardens; “A clear definition of the word “wildflower” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
achondrite: a rare stony meteorite that consists mainly of silicate minerals and has the texture of igneous rock but contains no chondrules; “The speaker used the word “achondrite” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
albedo: the ratio of the intensity of light reflected from an object, such as a planet, to that of the light it receives from the sun; “A clear definition of the word “albedo” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
bowel: the system of tubes inside your body where food is made into solid waste material and through which it passes out of your body; “The speaker used the word “bowel” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
cull: to kill animals so that there are not too many of them, or so that a disease does not spread; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “cull” describes an action or change.”
drastic: extreme and sudden; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as drastic.”
gouache: a method of painting using colours that are mixed with water and made thicker with a type of glue; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “gouache.””
mediocre: not very good; “The report describes the environmental project issue as mediocre.”
modal: modal meanings are concerned with the attitude of the speaker to the hearer or to what is being said; “The speaker uses “modal” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
mop: a thing used for washing floors, consisting of a long stick with threads of thick string or a piece of sponge fastened to one end; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “mop.””
moraine: a mass of earth or pieces of rock moved along by a glacier and left in a line at the bottom of it; “A clear definition of the word “moraine” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
outwash: a mass of gravel, sand, etc, carried and deposited by the water derived from melting glaciers; “A clear definition of the word “outwash” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
plutonic: (of igneous rocks) derived from magma that has cooled and solidified below the surface of the earth; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as plutonic.”
pudding: a hot sweet dish, made from cake, rice, bread etc with fruit, milk, or other sweet things added; “A clear definition of the word “pudding” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
remediation: the action of remedying something, esp the reversal or stopping of damage to the environment; “The speaker used the word “remediation” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
stern: the back of a ship; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “stern.””
suffuse: if warmth, colour, liquid etc suffuses something or someone, it covers or spreads through them; “The speaker explains how “suffuse” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
accumulator: a rechargeable device for storing electrical energy in the form of chemical energy, consisting of one or more separate secondary cells; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “accumulator.””
catabolism: a metabolic process in which complex molecules are broken down into simple ones with the release of energy; destructive metabolism; “A clear definition of the word “catabolism” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
conduction: the passage of electricity through wires, heat through metal, water through pipes etc; “Learners saw the word “conduction” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
hydrate: to supply someone or something with water to keep them healthy and in good condition; “The speaker explains how “hydrate” is used in a report about the environmental project.”
hydrolysis: a chemical reaction in which a compound reacts with water to produce other compounds; “Learners saw the word “hydrolysis” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
Jupiter: the planet that is fifth in order from the sun and is the largest in the solar system; “A clear definition of the word “jupiter” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
landslip: a small fall of earth or rocks down a hill, cliff etc, that is smaller than a landslide; “A clear definition of the word “landslip” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
murderous: Someone who is murderous is likely to murder someone and may already have murdered someone; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as murderous.”
naturalism: a style of art or literature which tries to show the world and people exactly as they are; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “naturalism.””
perusal: Perusal of something such as a letter, article, or document is the action of reading it; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “perusal.””
sealant: a substance that is put on the surface of something to protect it from air, water etc; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “sealant.””
sprightly: an old person who is sprightly is still active and full of energy – used to show approval; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as sprightly.”
stagy: behaviour that is stagy is not natural and is like the way an actor behaves on a stage; “The report describes the environmental project issue as stagy.”
stratosphere: the outer part of the air surrounding the Earth, from 10 to 50 kilometres above the Earth; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “stratosphere.””
submersion: the action of going under water, or the state of being completely covered in liquid; “A clear definition of the word “submersion” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
tadpole: a small creature that has a long tail, lives in water, and grows into a frog or toad; “The speaker used the word “tadpole” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
taxonomy: the process or a system of organizing things into different groups that show their natural relationships, especially plants or animals; “A clear definition of the word “taxonomy” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
thesaurus: a book in which words are put into groups with other words that have similar meanings; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “thesaurus.””
bonito: any of various small tunny-like marine food fishes of the genus Sarda, of warm Atlantic and Pacific waters: family Scombridae (tunnies and mackerels); “A clear definition of the word “bonito” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
cadence: the way someone’s voice rises and falls, especially when reading out loud; “A clear definition of the word “cadence” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
calvinism: the Christian religious teachings of John Calvin, based on the idea that events on Earth are controlled by God and cannot be changed by humans; “Learners saw the word “calvinism” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
carbonate: a salt (= chemical substance formed by an acid ) that contains carbon and oxygen; “A clear definition of the word “carbonate” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
cataclysm: a violent or sudden event or change, such as a serious flood or earthquake; “The speaker used the word “cataclysm” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
cenote: (esp in the Yucatán peninsula) a natural well formed by the collapse of an overlying limestone crust: often used as a sacrificial site by the Mayas; “Learners saw the word “cenote” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
clairvoyance: the alleged power of perceiving things beyond the natural range of the senses; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “clairvoyance.””
coaming: a raised frame around the cockpit or hatchway of a vessel for keeping out water; “Learners saw the word “coaming” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
conduit: a pipe or passage through which water, gas, a set of electric wires etc passes; “Learners saw the word “conduit” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
dielectric: a substance or medium that can sustain a static electric field within it; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “dielectric.””
emulsion: a mixture of liquids that do not completely combine, such as oil and water; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “emulsion.””
excrete: to get rid of waste material from your body through your bowels, your skin etc; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “excrete” describes an action or change.”
hillbilly: an insulting word meaning an uneducated poor person who lives in the mountains; “The speaker used the word “hillbilly” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
meaningless: having no purpose or importance and therefore not worth doing or having; “Researchers describe the environmental project evidence as meaningless.”
metabolize: to change food in your body into energy and new cells, using chemical processes; “In the environmental project discussion, the verb “metabolize” describes an action or change.”
metamorphic: metamorphic rock is formed by the continuous effects of pressure, heat, or water; “The speaker uses “metamorphic” to characterize the environmental project situation.”
regolith: the layer of loose material covering the bedrock of the earth and moon, etc, comprising soil, sand, rock fragments, volcanic ash, glacial drift, etc; “Learners saw the word “regolith” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
salamander: a small animal similar to a lizard , which lives on land and in the water; “The environmental project report includes a section on the word “salamander.””
seaway: a waterway giving access to an inland port, navigable by ocean-going ships; “Learners saw the word “seaway” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”
shoreline: the land along the edge of a large area of water such as an ocean or lake; “The speaker used the word “shoreline” while explaining the environmental project problem.”
wetland: an area of land that is partly covered with water, or is wet most of the time; “A clear definition of the word “wetland” helped the group discuss the environmental project topic.”
alcohol: the chemical substance in alcoholic drinks that can make you drunk, which is also used in other types of products; “Learners saw the word “alcohol” while comparing two sides of the environmental project issue.”