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ELI5 Yahaaa

Predicting, not just reacting

What Does Your Brain Do?

Your brain builds a running model of the world and corrects it against your senses.

Senses report Brainpredicts whatcomes next?Compare prediction with reality=Update themodelAlwaysrunning
A guess, checked continuously.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    It is built from billions of connected cells.

    Neurons in a brainabout 86 billionConnections eachthousands perneuron

    Around 86 billion neurons, each connected to thousands of others. Thinking is patterns of signals crossing that network.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    Senses are slow, so it predicts ahead.

    Pure reaction Always slightly toolatePrediction Acts on where thingswill be

    Nerve signals take time. To catch a ball, the brain predicts where it will be rather than reacting to where it was.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    Senses mainly report the errors.

    Reality Mostly reportswhat wasunexpected

    Rather than sending everything, the senses largely flag where reality differs from the prediction. That is a huge saving in effort.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    Which is why illusions work.

    What is thereThe actual imageWhat you see?Your brain's confidentprediction

    An illusion sets up a situation where the prediction is confidently wrong. You see the guess, not the input — and knowing does not fix it.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    It rewires itself as you learn.

    1 A new skill —weakconnections2 Practicestrengthens theused paths3 It becomesautomatic

    Connections used often get stronger; unused ones fade. Practising a skill is physically reshaping the network that performs it.

    Your brain is about 2 percent of your body weight and uses roughly 20 percent of your energy.

The short version

The brain runs a constant prediction of the world and uses the senses to correct it, which is why illusions fool you.

Try it yourself

Search for the checker shadow illusion. Two squares are identical greys, and knowing that does not make them look it.

Topics

Practise the words