C2 Proficiency: Education & campus

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

apprentice

someone who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn a particular skill or job

“A clear definition of the word “apprentice” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

typify

to be a typical example of something

“The speaker explains how “typify” is used in a report about the university study.”

cabinet

the politicians with important positions in a government who meet to make decisions or advise the leader of the government

“Learners saw the word “cabinet” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

conventional

a conventional method, product, practice etc has been used for a long time and is considered the usual type

“The report describes the university study issue as conventional.”

fusion

A fusion of different qualities, ideas, or things is something new that is created by joining them together

“The university study report includes a section on the word “fusion.””

elicit

to succeed in getting information or a reaction from someone, especially when this is difficult

“Learners hear “elicit” while following the university study explanation.”

recur

if a number or numbers after a decimal point recur, they are repeated for ever in the same order

“The speaker explains how “recur” is used in a report about the university study.”

supplement

to add something, especially to what you earn or eat, in order to increase it to an acceptable level

“The speaker explains how “supplement” is used in a report about the university study.”

transmit

to send out electronic signals, messages etc using radio, television, or other similar equipment

“Learners hear “transmit” while following the university study explanation.”

residential

a residential part of a town consists of private houses, with no offices or factories

“The report describes the university study issue as residential.”

aggregate

the total after a lot of different figures or points have been added together

“A clear definition of the word “aggregate” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

amend

to correct or make small changes to something that is written or spoken

“The speaker explains how “amend” is used in a report about the university study.”

catastrophe

a terrible event in which there is a lot of destruction, suffering, or death

“Learners saw the word “catastrophe” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

dilute

a dilute liquid has been made weaker by the addition of water or another liquid

“During the university study discussion, “dilute” signals a particular quality.”

dismantle

to take a machine or piece of equipment apart so that it is in separate pieces

“The speaker explains how “dismantle” is used in a report about the university study.”

overt

An overt action or attitude is done or shown in an open and obvious way

“The report describes the university study issue as overt.”

proclaim

to say publicly or officially that something important is true or exists

“A clear example helps learners use “proclaim” in a sentence about the university study.”

alternative

something you can choose to do or use instead of something else

“A clear definition of the word “alternative” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

calvinism

the Christian religious teachings of John Calvin, based on the idea that events on Earth are controlled by God and cannot be changed by humans

“Learners saw the word “calvinism” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

contend

to compete against someone in order to gain something

“A clear example helps learners use “contend” in a sentence about the university study.”

exempt

to give someone permission not to do or pay something

“A clear example helps learners use “exempt” in a sentence about the university study.”

homonym

a word that is spelled the same and sounds the same as another, but is different in meaning or origin. For example, the noun ‘bear’ and the verb ‘bear’ are homonyms.

“A clear definition of the word “homonym” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

inhibit

to prevent something from growing or developing well

“A clear example helps learners use “inhibit” in a sentence about the university study.”

overlook

to not notice something, or not see how important it is

“The speaker explains how “overlook” is used in a report about the university study.”

polar

close to or relating to the North Pole or the South Pole

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as polar.”

restrict

to limit or control the size, amount, or range of something

“In the university study discussion, the verb “restrict” describes an action or change.”

rupture

an occasion when something suddenly breaks apart or bursts

“A clear definition of the word “rupture” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

topographical

A topographical survey or map relates to or shows the physical features of an area of land, for example, its hills, valleys, and rivers

“The speaker uses “topographical” to characterize the university study situation.”

vulnerable

someone who is vulnerable can be easily harmed or hurt

“The report describes the university study issue as vulnerable.”

aspiration

a strong desire to have or achieve something

“Learners saw the word “aspiration” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

deduct

to take away an amount or part from a total

“The speaker explains how “deduct” is used in a report about the university study.”

disjunctive

a disjunctive conjunction expresses a choice or opposition between two ideas. For example, ‘or’ is a disjunctive conjunction.

“The report describes the university study issue as disjunctive.”

jeopardize

to risk losing or spoiling something important

“The speaker explains how “jeopardize” is used in a report about the university study.”

portray

to describe or represent something or someone

“The speaker explains how “portray” is used in a report about the university study.”

readily

quickly, willingly, and without complaining

“The team responded readily when the university study plan changed.”

refute

to prove that a statement or idea is not correct

“A clear example helps learners use “refute” in a sentence about the university study.”

regenerate

to grow again, or make something grow again

“Learners hear “regenerate” while following the university study explanation.”

assonance

similarity in the vowel sounds of words that are close together in a poem, for example between ‘born’ and ‘warm’

“A clear definition of the word “assonance” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

competence

the ability to do something well

“A clear definition of the word “competence” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

imperative

something that must be done urgently

“Learners saw the word “imperative” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

ruin

to spoil or destroy something completely

“Learners hear “ruin” while following the university study explanation.”

stationary

standing still instead of moving

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as stationary.”

mordent

a melodic ornament consisting of the rapid alternation of a note with a note one degree lower than it

“The speaker used the word “mordent” while explaining the university study problem.”

argumentation

Argumentation is the process of arguing in an organized or logical way, for example, in philosophy

“Learners saw the word “argumentation” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

drastic

extreme and sudden

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as drastic.”

pedantry

If you accuse someone of pedantry, you mean that you disapprove of them because they pay too much attention to unimportant details or traditional rules, especially in connection with academic subjects

“A clear definition of the word “pedantry” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

singularity

an extremely small point in space that contains an extremely large amount of material and which does not obey the usual laws of nature, for example a black hole or the point at the beginning of the universe

“A clear definition of the word “singularity” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

understudy

an actor who learns a part in a play so that they can act the part if the usual actor is ill

“A clear definition of the word “understudy” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

pedagogue

a teacher, especially one who thinks they know a lot and is strict in the way they teach

“The speaker used the word “pedagogue” while explaining the university study problem.”

photosensitive

reacting to light, for example by changing colour or producing an electrical current

“The report describes the university study issue as photosensitive.”

constructivism

a movement in abstract art evolved in Russia after World War I, primarily by Naum Gabo, which explored the use of movement and machine-age materials in sculpture and had considerable influence on modern art and architecture

“The speaker used the word “constructivism” while explaining the university study problem.”

dropout

someone who leaves school or college before they have finished

“The speaker used the word “dropout” while explaining the university study problem.”

refectory

a large room in a school, college etc where meals are served and eaten

“A clear definition of the word “refectory” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

introspect

to examine and analyse one's own thoughts and feelings

“A clear example helps learners use “introspect” in a sentence about the university study.”

epitomize

to be a very typical example of something

“Learners hear “epitomize” while following the university study explanation.”

virtuosity

a very high degree of skill in performing

“Learners saw the word “virtuosity” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

epitome

the best possible example of something

“A clear definition of the word “epitome” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

erudition

Erudition is great academic knowledge

“A clear definition of the word “erudition” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

severely

very badly or to a great degree

“The result was described severely in the final university study paragraph.”

distrait

absent-minded; abstracted

“The report describes the university study issue as distrait.”

educational

relating to education

“The speaker uses “educational” to characterize the university study situation.”

exemplar

a good or typical example

“Learners saw the word “exemplar” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

imprecise

not clear or exact

“The speaker uses “imprecise” to characterize the university study situation.”

distill

to make a liquid such as water or alcohol more pure by heating it so that it becomes a gas and then letting it cool. Drinks such as whisky are made this way.

“The speaker explains how “distill” is used in a report about the university study.”

mortgage

a legal arrangement by which you borrow money from a bank or similar organization in order to buy a house, and pay back the money over a period of years

“Learners saw the word “mortgage” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

nomad

a member of a tribe that travels from place to place instead of living in one place all the time, usually in order to find grass for their animals

“A clear definition of the word “nomad” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

utopian

Utopian is used to describe political or religious philosophies which claim that it is possible to build a new and perfect society in which everyone is happy

“The report describes the university study issue as utopian.”

carbohydrate

a substance that is in foods such as sugar, bread, and potatoes, which provides your body with heat and energy and which consists of oxygen, hydrogen , and carbon

“The university study report includes a section on the word “carbohydrate.””

aerial

a piece of equipment for receiving or sending radio or television signals, usually consisting of a piece of metal or wire

“Learners saw the word “aerial” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

arrest

if the police arrest someone, the person is taken to a police station because the police think they have done something illegal

“The speaker explains how “arrest” is used in a report about the university study.”

fluorescent

a fluorescent light contains a tube filled with gas, which shines with a bright light when electricity is passed through it

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as fluorescent.”

juxtapose

to put things together, especially things that are not normally together, in order to compare them or to make something new

“A clear example helps learners use “juxtapose” in a sentence about the university study.”

residue

a substance that remains on a surface, in a container etc and cannot be removed easily, or that remains after a chemical process

“The speaker used the word “residue” while explaining the university study problem.”

alliance

an arrangement in which two or more countries, groups etc agree to work together to try to change or achieve something

“The speaker used the word “alliance” while explaining the university study problem.”

irreversible

irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as irreversible.”

pendulum

a long metal stick with a weight at the bottom that swings regularly from side to side to control the working of a clock

“Learners saw the word “pendulum” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

prestige

the respect and admiration that someone or something gets because of their success or important position in society

“A clear definition of the word “prestige” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

salvage

to save something from an accident or bad situation in which other things have already been damaged, destroyed, or lost

“A clear example helps learners use “salvage” in a sentence about the university study.”

supersede

if a new idea, product, or method supersedes another one, it becomes used instead because it is more modern or effective

“In the university study discussion, the verb “supersede” describes an action or change.”

abundant

something that is abundant exists or is available in large quantities so that there is more than enough

“The speaker uses “abundant” to characterize the university study situation.”

affiliation

the connection or involvement that someone or something has with a political, religious etc organization

“Learners saw the word “affiliation” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

authoritative

an authoritative book, account etc is respected because the person who wrote it knows a lot about the subject

“The speaker uses “authoritative” to characterize the university study situation.”

code

to put a set of numbers, letters, or symbols on something to show what it is or give information about it

“A clear example helps learners use “code” in a sentence about the university study.”

commemorate

to do something to show that you remember and respect someone important or an important event in the past

“The speaker explains how “commemorate” is used in a report about the university study.”

defiant

If you say that someone is defiant, you mean they show aggression or independence by refusing to obey someone

“During the university study discussion, “defiant” signals a particular quality.”

deter

to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

“In the university study discussion, the verb “deter” describes an action or change.”

electron

a very small piece of matter with a negative electrical charge that moves around the nucleus of an atom

“The university study report includes a section on the word “electron.””

forfeit

to lose a right, position, possession etc or have it taken away from you because you have broken a law or rule

“A clear example helps learners use “forfeit” in a sentence about the university study.”

infectious

an infectious illness can be passed from one person to another, especially through the air you breathe

“The speaker uses “infectious” to characterize the university study situation.”

innovative

an innovative idea or way of doing something is new, different, and better than those that existed before

“During the university study discussion, “innovative” signals a particular quality.”

interrupt

to stop someone from continuing what they are saying or doing by suddenly speaking to them, making a noise etc

“The speaker explains how “interrupt” is used in a report about the university study.”

quarantine

to keep a person or animal apart from others for a period of time in case they are carrying a disease

“In the university study discussion, the verb “quarantine” describes an action or change.”

render

to give something to someone or do something, because it is your duty or because someone expects you to

“In the university study discussion, the verb “render” describes an action or change.”

replicate

if you replicate someone’s work, a scientific study etc, you do it again, or try to get the same result again

“The speaker explains how “replicate” is used in a report about the university study.”

sensational

A sensational result, event, or situation is so remarkable that it causes great excitement and interest

“The speaker uses “sensational” to characterize the university study situation.”

capsule

a plastic container shaped like a very small tube with medicine inside that you swallow whole

“The speaker used the word “capsule” while explaining the university study problem.”

collaborate

to work together with a person or group in order to achieve something, especially in science or art

“In the university study discussion, the verb “collaborate” describes an action or change.”

confer

to officially give someone a title etc, especially as a reward for something they have achieved

“The speaker explains how “confer” is used in a report about the university study.”

counteract

to reduce or prevent the bad effect of something, by doing something that has the opposite effect

“In the university study discussion, the verb “counteract” describes an action or change.”

depict

to describe something or someone in writing or speech, or to show them in a painting, picture etc

“The speaker explains how “depict” is used in a report about the university study.”

hereditary

a quality or illness that is hereditary is passed from a parent to a child before the child is born

“The speaker uses “hereditary” to characterize the university study situation.”

hormone

a chemical substance produced by your body that influences its growth, development, and condition

“The university study report includes a section on the word “hormone.””

oxidize

to combine with oxygen, or make something combine with oxygen, especially in a way that causes rust

“In the university study discussion, the verb “oxidize” describes an action or change.”

quail

a small fat bird with a short tail that is hunted for food or sport, or the meat from this bird

“The university study report includes a section on the word “quail.””

restitution

the act of giving back something that was lost or stolen to its owner, or of paying for damage

“Learners saw the word “restitution” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

revelation

a surprising fact about someone or something that was previously secret and is now made known

“The speaker used the word “revelation” while explaining the university study problem.”

salient

the salient points or features of something are the most important or most noticeable parts of it

“The report describes the university study issue as salient.”

subsidize

if a government or organization subsidizes a company, activity etc, it pays part of its costs

“Learners hear “subsidize” while following the university study explanation.”

toxin

a poisonous substance, especially one that is produced by bacteria and causes a particular disease

“Learners saw the word “toxin” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

veto

a refusal to give official permission for something, or the right to refuse to give such permission

“Learners saw the word “veto” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

adolescent

a young person, usually between the ages of 12 and 18, who is developing into an adult

“Learners saw the word “adolescent” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

amass

if you amass money, knowledge, information etc, you gradually collect a large amount of it

“The speaker explains how “amass” is used in a report about the university study.”

appease

to make someone less angry or stop them from attacking you by giving them what they want

“A clear example helps learners use “appease” in a sentence about the university study.”

complement

someone or something that emphasizes the good qualities of another person or thing

“The university study report includes a section on the word “complement.””

connotation

a quality or an idea that a word makes you think of that is more than its basic meaning

“The university study report includes a section on the word “connotation.””

criticize

to express your disapproval of someone or something, or to talk about their faults

“Learners hear “criticize” while following the university study explanation.”

crucial

something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it

“During the university study discussion, “crucial” signals a particular quality.”

decisive

an action, event etc that is decisive has a big effect on the way that something develops

“The report describes the university study issue as decisive.”

definitive

a definitive book, description etc is considered to be the best and cannot be improved

“During the university study discussion, “definitive” signals a particular quality.”

discretionary

not controlled by strict rules, but decided on by someone in a position of authority

“The report describes the university study issue as discretionary.”

eccentric

someone who behaves in a way that is different from what is usual or socially accepted

“The university study report includes a section on the word “eccentric.””

encroach

to gradually take more of someone’s time, possessions, rights etc than you should

“A clear example helps learners use “encroach” in a sentence about the university study.”

futile

actions that are futile are useless because they have no chance of being successful

“The speaker uses “futile” to characterize the university study situation.”

mitigate

to make a situation or the effects of something less unpleasant, harmful, or serious

“In the university study discussion, the verb “mitigate” describes an action or change.”

oust

to force someone out of a position of power, especially so that you can take their place

“A clear example helps learners use “oust” in a sentence about the university study.”

penetrate

to enter something and pass or spread through it, especially when this is difficult

“In the university study discussion, the verb “penetrate” describes an action or change.”

proliferate

if something proliferates, it increases quickly and spreads to many different places

“The speaker explains how “proliferate” is used in a report about the university study.”

psychological

relating to the way that your mind works and the way that this affects your behaviour

“The speaker uses “psychological” to characterize the university study situation.”

radiant

full of happiness and love, in a way that shows in your face and makes you look attractive

“During the university study discussion, “radiant” signals a particular quality.”

scrupulous

Someone who is scrupulous takes great care to do what is fair, honest, or morally right

“The speaker uses “scrupulous” to characterize the university study situation.”

threaten

to say that you will cause someone harm or trouble if they do not do what you want

“A clear example helps learners use “threaten” in a sentence about the university study.”

turbulent

a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes

“The speaker uses “turbulent” to characterize the university study situation.”

underlie

to be the cause of something, or be the basic thing from which something develops

“In the university study discussion, the verb “underlie” describes an action or change.”

underlying

the cause, idea etc that is the most important, although it is not easily noticed

“The speaker uses “underlying” to characterize the university study situation.”

unilateral

a unilateral action or decision is done by only one of the groups involved in a situation

“The speaker uses “unilateral” to characterize the university study situation.”

affiliate

a company, organization etc that is connected with or controlled by a larger one

“The speaker used the word “affiliate” while explaining the university study problem.”

afflict

to affect someone or something in an unpleasant way, and make them suffer

“The speaker explains how “afflict” is used in a report about the university study.”

alien

someone who is not a legal citizen of the country they are living or working in

“The speaker used the word “alien” while explaining the university study problem.”

anomaly

something that is noticeable because it is different from what is usual

“The speaker used the word “anomaly” while explaining the university study problem.”

arid

arid land or an arid climate is very dry because it has very little rain

“The report describes the university study issue as arid.”

austere

someone who is austere is very strict and serious – used to show disapproval

“The speaker uses “austere” to characterize the university study situation.”

autobiography

a book in which someone writes about their own life, or books of this type

“Learners saw the word “autobiography” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

autonomous

an autonomous place or organization is free to govern or control itself

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as autonomous.”

boom

A boom in something is an increase in its amount, frequency, or success

“The speaker used the word “boom” while explaining the university study problem.”

circumspect

thinking carefully about something before doing it, in order to avoid risk

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as circumspect.”

deferential

Someone who is deferential is polite and respectful toward someone else

“During the university study discussion, “deferential” signals a particular quality.”

diagnostic

relating to or used for discovering what is wrong with someone or something

“The speaker uses “diagnostic” to characterize the university study situation.”

dignity

the ability to behave in a calm controlled way even in a difficult situation

“The university study report includes a section on the word “dignity.””

dormant

not active or not growing at the present time but able to be active later

“The speaker uses “dormant” to characterize the university study situation.”

endure

to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining

“A clear example helps learners use “endure” in a sentence about the university study.”

flip

to make a flat object such as a coin go upwards and turn over in the air

“A clear example helps learners use “flip” in a sentence about the university study.”

gourmet

someone who knows a lot about food and wine and who enjoys good food and wine

“A clear definition of the word “gourmet” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

impede

to make it difficult for someone or something to move forward or make progress

“In the university study discussion, the verb “impede” describes an action or change.”

indiscriminate

an indiscriminate action is done without thinking about what harm it might cause

“During the university study discussion, “indiscriminate” signals a particular quality.”

inflict

To inflict harm or damage on someone or something means to make them suffer it

“The speaker explains how “inflict” is used in a report about the university study.”

integrity

the quality of being honest and strong about what you believe to be right

“A clear definition of the word “integrity” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

notable

important, interesting, excellent, or unusual enough to be noticed or mentioned

“The speaker uses “notable” to characterize the university study situation.”

overthrow

the defeat and removal from power of a leader or government, especially by force

“The university study report includes a section on the word “overthrow.””

prank

a trick, especially one which is played on someone to make them look silly

“The university study report includes a section on the word “prank.””

preliminary

something that is said or done first, to introduce or prepare for something else

“The university study report includes a section on the word “preliminary.””

quiescent

not developing or doing anything, especially when this is only a temporary state

“The speaker uses “quiescent” to characterize the university study situation.”

ratification

The ratification of a treaty or written agreement is the process of ratifying it

“The speaker used the word “ratification” while explaining the university study problem.”

receipt

a piece of paper that you are given which shows that you have paid for something

“The university study report includes a section on the word “receipt.””

relinquish

to let someone else have your position, power, or rights, especially unwillingly

“In the university study discussion, the verb “relinquish” describes an action or change.”

relish

a thick spicy sauce made from fruits or vegetables, and usually eaten with meat

“A clear definition of the word “relish” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

sedentary

spending a lot of time sitting down, and not moving or exercising very much

“During the university study discussion, “sedentary” signals a particular quality.”

stabilize

to become firm, steady, or unchanging, or to make something firm or steady

“A clear example helps learners use “stabilize” in a sentence about the university study.”

strait

a narrow passage of water between two areas of land, usually connecting two seas

“A clear definition of the word “strait” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

suspicious

thinking that someone might be guilty of doing something wrong or dishonest

“During the university study discussion, “suspicious” signals a particular quality.”

allude

If you allude to something, you mention it in an indirect way

“A clear example helps learners use “allude” in a sentence about the university study.”

analogous

similar to another situation or thing so that a comparison can be made

“The speaker uses “analogous” to characterize the university study situation.”

assimilate

to completely understand and begin to use new ideas, information etc

“In the university study discussion, the verb “assimilate” describes an action or change.”

calorie

a unit for measuring the amount of energy that food will produce

“A clear definition of the word “calorie” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

consent

to give your permission for something or agree to do something

“Learners hear “consent” while following the university study explanation.”

contemptuous

showing that you think someone or something deserves no respect

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as contemptuous.”

cupidity

very strong desire for something, especially money or property

“A clear definition of the word “cupidity” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

diligent

someone who is diligent works hard and is careful and thorough

“The report describes the university study issue as diligent.”

diversify

to change something or to make it change so that there is more variety

“The speaker explains how “diversify” is used in a report about the university study.”

elude

to escape from someone or something, especially by tricking them

“A clear example helps learners use “elude” in a sentence about the university study.”

erode

to gradually reduce something such as someone’s power or confidence

“A clear example helps learners use “erode” in a sentence about the university study.”

falsify

to change figures, records etc so that they contain false information

“Learners hear “falsify” while following the university study explanation.”

grief

extreme sadness, especially because someone you love has died

“The speaker used the word “grief” while explaining the university study problem.”

inherit

to receive money, property etc from someone after they have died

“A clear example helps learners use “inherit” in a sentence about the university study.”

intersect

if two lines or roads intersect, they meet or go across each other

“The speaker explains how “intersect” is used in a report about the university study.”

intimidate

to frighten or threaten someone into making them do what you want

“In the university study discussion, the verb “intimidate” describes an action or change.”

outstrip

to do something better than someone else or be more successful

“Learners hear “outstrip” while following the university study explanation.”

pernicious

very harmful or evil, often in a way that you do not notice easily

“The speaker uses “pernicious” to characterize the university study situation.”

potent

having a very powerful effect or influence on your body or mind

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as potent.”

precipitate

a solid substance that has been chemically separated from a liquid

“Learners saw the word “precipitate” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

predominate

to have the most importance or influence, or to be most easily noticed

“In the university study discussion, the verb “predominate” describes an action or change.”

presume

to accept something as being true and base something else on it

“The speaker explains how “presume” is used in a report about the university study.”

pretext

a false reason given for an action, in order to hide the real reason

“The university study report includes a section on the word “pretext.””

primordial

existing at the beginning of time or the beginning of the Earth

“During the university study discussion, “primordial” signals a particular quality.”

prudent

sensible and careful, especially by trying to avoid unnecessary risks

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as prudent.”

radioactive

a radioactive substance is dangerous because it contains radiation

“During the university study discussion, “radioactive” signals a particular quality.”

ration

to control the supply of something because there is not enough

“The speaker explains how “ration” is used in a report about the university study.”

reimburse

to pay money back to someone when their money has been spent or lost

“Learners hear “reimburse” while following the university study explanation.”

scour

to clean something very thoroughly by rubbing it with a rough material

“In the university study discussion, the verb “scour” describes an action or change.”

strenuous

A strenuous activity or action involves a lot of energy or effort

“The report describes the university study issue as strenuous.”

stringent

a stringent law, rule, standard etc is very strict and must be obeyed

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as stringent.”

subsistence

the condition of only just having enough money or food to stay alive

“The university study report includes a section on the word “subsistence.””

substantiate

to prove the truth of something that someone has said, claimed etc

“A clear example helps learners use “substantiate” in a sentence about the university study.”

supreme

having the highest position of power, importance, or influence

“The speaker uses “supreme” to characterize the university study situation.”

synthesize

to make something by combining different things or substances

“Learners hear “synthesize” while following the university study explanation.”

tissue

a piece of soft thin paper, used especially for blowing your nose on

“The speaker used the word “tissue” while explaining the university study problem.”

volatile

a volatile situation is likely to change suddenly and without warning

“The report describes the university study issue as volatile.”

voracious

having an extremely strong desire to do or have a lot of something

“During the university study discussion, “voracious” signals a particular quality.”

wanton

deliberately harming someone or damaging something for no reason

“During the university study discussion, “wanton” signals a particular quality.”

affluent

having plenty of money, nice houses, expensive things etc

“The speaker uses “affluent” to characterize the university study situation.”

alloy

a metal that consists of two or more metals mixed together

“The speaker used the word “alloy” while explaining the university study problem.”

amenable

willing to accept what someone says or does without arguing

“The speaker uses “amenable” to characterize the university study situation.”

antedate

to come from an earlier time in history than something else

“Learners hear “antedate” while following the university study explanation.”

apex

the top or highest part of something pointed or curved

“Learners saw the word “apex” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

assertion

something that you say or write that you strongly believe

“The university study report includes a section on the word “assertion.””

brochure

a thin book giving information or advertising something

“Learners saw the word “brochure” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

captivate

to attract someone very much, and hold their attention

“The speaker explains how “captivate” is used in a report about the university study.”

censure

the act of expressing strong disapproval and criticism

“The speaker used the word “censure” while explaining the university study problem.”

clan

a large group of families who often share the same name

“Learners saw the word “clan” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

commensurate

matching something in size, quality, or length of time

“During the university study discussion, “commensurate” signals a particular quality.”

comprehend

to understand something that is complicated or difficult

“The speaker explains how “comprehend” is used in a report about the university study.”

confidential

spoken or written in secret and intended to be kept secret

“The report describes the university study issue as confidential.”

conscientious

careful to do everything that it is your job or duty to do

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as conscientious.”

construct

to build something such as a house, bridge, road etc

“The speaker explains how “construct” is used in a report about the university study.”

consultant

someone whose job is to give advice on a particular subject

“A clear definition of the word “consultant” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

deplete

To deplete a stock or amount of something means to reduce it

“A clear example helps learners use “deplete” in a sentence about the university study.”

dwindle

to gradually become less and less or smaller and smaller

“A clear example helps learners use “dwindle” in a sentence about the university study.”

efficacy

the ability of something to produce the right result

“Learners saw the word “efficacy” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

elongate

to become longer, or make something longer than normal

“A clear example helps learners use “elongate” in a sentence about the university study.”

embellish

to make something more beautiful by adding decorations to it

“The speaker explains how “embellish” is used in a report about the university study.”

entity

something that exists as a single and complete unit

“The speaker used the word “entity” while explaining the university study problem.”

escalate

to become higher or increase, or to make something do this

“Learners hear “escalate” while following the university study explanation.”

evade

to not do or deal with something that you should do

“The speaker explains how “evade” is used in a report about the university study.”

excavate

to make a hole in the ground by digging up soil etc

“The speaker explains how “excavate” is used in a report about the university study.”

excerpt

a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc

“A clear definition of the word “excerpt” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

expend

to use or spend a lot of energy etc in order to do something

“In the university study discussion, the verb “expend” describes an action or change.”

fallow

to leave (land) unseeded after ploughing and harrowing it

“The speaker explains how “fallow” is used in a report about the university study.”

figurine

a small model of a person or animal used as a decoration

“The speaker used the word “figurine” while explaining the university study problem.”

impair

to damage something or make it not as good as it should be

“Learners hear “impair” while following the university study explanation.”

implausible

difficult to believe and therefore unlikely to be true

“During the university study discussion, “implausible” signals a particular quality.”

implicit

suggested or understood without being stated directly

“During the university study discussion, “implicit” signals a particular quality.”

impose

to force someone to have the same ideas, beliefs etc as you

“The speaker explains how “impose” is used in a report about the university study.”

inalienable

an inalienable right, power etc cannot be taken from you

“The report describes the university study issue as inalienable.”

innate

an innate quality or ability is something you are born with

“During the university study discussion, “innate” signals a particular quality.”

irate

If someone is irate, they are very angry about something

“The speaker uses “irate” to characterize the university study situation.”

mandate

to tell someone that they must do a particular thing

“Learners hear “mandate” while following the university study explanation.”

onset

the beginning of something, especially something bad

“The speaker used the word “onset” while explaining the university study problem.”

palatable

palatable food or drink has a pleasant or acceptable taste

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as palatable.”

partition

a thin wall that separates one part of a room from another

“Learners saw the word “partition” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

patriotism

Patriotism is love for your country and loyalty toward it

“The university study report includes a section on the word “patriotism.””

pertinent

directly relating to something that is being considered

“The speaker uses “pertinent” to characterize the university study situation.”