Integrated Reading: Education & campus

collate

to gather information together, examine it carefully, and compare it with other information to find any differences

“In the university study discussion, the verb “collate” describes an action or change.”

argumentation

Argumentation is the process of arguing in an organized or logical way, for example, in philosophy

“Learners saw the word “argumentation” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

counterexample

an example or fact that is inconsistent with a hypothesis and may be used in argument against it

“The university study report includes a section on the word “counterexample.””

insurance

an arrangement with a company in which you pay them money, especially regularly, and they pay the costs if something bad happens, for example if you become ill or your car is damaged

“The university study report includes a section on the word “insurance.””

dizzy

feeling unable to stand steadily, for example because you are looking down from a high place or because you are ill

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as dizzy.”

audit

to officially examine a company’s financial records in order to check that they are correct

“A clear example helps learners use “audit” in a sentence about the university study.”

applicant

someone who has formally asked, usually in writing, for a job, university place etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “applicant.””

sophist

one of the pre-Socratic philosophers who were itinerant professional teachers of oratory and argument and who were prepared to enter into debate on any matter however specious

“Learners saw the word “sophist” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

miserable

extremely unhappy, for example because you feel lonely, cold, or badly treated

“The report describes the university study issue as miserable.”

intensify

to increase in degree or strength, or to make something do this

“The speaker explains how “intensify” is used in a report about the university study.”

scholarship

an amount of money that is given to someone by an educational organization to help pay for their education

“The university study report includes a section on the word “scholarship.””

tutor

someone who gives private lessons to one student or a small group, and is paid directly by them

“Learners saw the word “tutor” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

expel

to officially force someone to leave a school or organization

“Learners hear “expel” while following the university study explanation.”

pass

a successful result in an examination

“A clear definition of the word “pass” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

pant

to breathe quickly with short noisy breaths, for example because you have been running or because it is very hot

“A clear example helps learners use “pant” in a sentence about the university study.”

process

to make food, materials, or goods ready to be used or sold, for example by preserving or improving them in some way

“A clear example helps learners use “process” in a sentence about the university study.”

slot

A slot is a narrow opening in a machine or container, for example, a hole that you put coins in to make a machine work

“Learners saw the word “slot” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

bargain

to discuss the conditions of a sale, agreement etc, for example to try and get a lower price

“In the university study discussion, the verb “bargain” describes an action or change.”

canteen

a place in a factory, school etc where meals are provided, usually quite cheaply

“Learners saw the word “canteen” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

misery

great suffering that is caused for example by being very poor or very sick

“The speaker used the word “misery” while explaining the university study problem.”

cognition

the process of knowing, understanding, and learning something

“Learners saw the word “cognition” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

background

someone’s family, education, previous work etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “background.””

exemplify

to be a very typical example of something

“A clear example helps learners use “exemplify” in a sentence about the university study.”

dweller

A city dweller or slum dweller, for example, is a person who lives in the kind of place or house indicated

“A clear definition of the word “dweller” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

oblong

an oblong shape has four straight sides at 90 degrees to each other, two of which are longer than the other two

“The speaker uses “oblong” to characterize the university study situation.”

make

to produce something, for example by putting the different parts of it together

“Learners hear “make” while following the university study explanation.”

prospectus

a small book that advertises a school, college, new business etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “prospectus.””

Kindergarten

a school for children aged two to five

“Learners saw the word “kindergarten” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

lot

A lot means to a great extent or degree

“The result was described lot in the final university study paragraph.”

literate

well educated

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as literate.”

active

the active form of a verb, for example ‘destroyed’ in the sentence ‘Enemy planes destroyed the village.’

“The university study report includes a section on the word “active.””

cheat

to behave in a dishonest way in order to win or to get an advantage, especially in a competition, game, or examination

“The speaker explains how “cheat” is used in a report about the university study.”

fitness

the degree to which someone or something is suitable or good enough for a particular situation or purpose

“The university study report includes a section on the word “fitness.””

follower

someone who believes in a particular system of ideas, or who supports a leader who teaches these ideas

“Learners saw the word “follower” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

found

to start something such as an organization, company, school, or city, often by providing the necessary money

“In the university study discussion, the verb “found” describes an action or change.”

gift

something that you give someone, for example to thank them or because you like them, especially on a special occasion

“Learners saw the word “gift” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

meal

an occasion when you eat food, for example breakfast or dinner, or the food that you eat on that occasion

“A clear definition of the word “meal” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

semester

one of the two periods of time that a year at high schools and universities is divided into, especially in the US

“The university study report includes a section on the word “semester.””

happy

having feelings of pleasure, for example because something good has happened to you or you are very satisfied with your life

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as happy.”

pamper

to look after someone very kindly, for example by giving them the things that they want and making them feel warm and comfortable

“The speaker explains how “pamper” is used in a report about the university study.”

place

a space or area, for example a particular point on a surface or in a room, building, town, city etc

“The speaker used the word “place” while explaining the university study problem.”

learn

to gain knowledge of a subject or skill, by experience, by studying it, or by being taught

“Learners hear “learn” while following the university study explanation.”

lore

knowledge or information about a subject, for example nature or magic, that is not written down but is passed from person to person

“Learners saw the word “lore” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

map

a drawing of a particular area, for example a city or country, which shows its main features, such as its roads, rivers, mountains etc

“Learners saw the word “map” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

playground

an area for children to play, especially at a school or in a park, that often has special equipment for climbing on, riding on etc

“The speaker used the word “playground” while explaining the university study problem.”

skill

an ability to do something well, especially because you have learned and practised it

“A clear definition of the word “skill” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

analyse

to examine or think about something carefully, in order to understand it

“The speaker explains how “analyse” is used in a report about the university study.”

assignment

a piece of work that is given to someone as part of their job

“The speaker used the word “assignment” while explaining the university study problem.”

exam

a spoken or written test of knowledge, especially an important one

“A clear definition of the word “exam” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

examination

a spoken or written test of knowledge, especially an important one

“The speaker used the word “examination” while explaining the university study problem.”

gradient

a slope or a degree of slope, especially in a road or railway

“Learners saw the word “gradient” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

potassium

a common soft silver-white metal that usually exists in combination with other substances, used for example in farming. It is a chemical element: symbol K

“The speaker used the word “potassium” while explaining the university study problem.”

baby

a very young child who has not yet learned to speak or walk

“Learners saw the word “baby” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

scrutiny

careful and thorough examination of someone or something

“The speaker used the word “scrutiny” while explaining the university study problem.”

clever

able to learn and understand things quickly

“The speaker uses “clever” to characterize the university study situation.”

holiday

a time of rest from work, school etc

“Learners saw the word “holiday” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

partly

to some degree, but not completely

“The speaker explained the university study change partly.”

badly

to a great or serious degree

“The speaker explained the university study change badly.”

analytical

thinking about things in a detailed and intelligent way, so that you can examine and understand things

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as analytical.”

blister

a swelling on your skin containing clear liquid, caused, for example, by a burn or continuous rubbing

“The speaker used the word “blister” while explaining the university study problem.”

dictation

a piece of writing that a teacher reads out to test your ability to hear and write the words correctly

“A clear definition of the word “dictation” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

polytechnic

a word used in the names of high schools or colleges in the US, where you can study technical or scientific subjects

“Learners saw the word “polytechnic” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

utmost

the most that can be done

“The university study report includes a section on the word “utmost.””

appetite

a desire for food

“The university study report includes a section on the word “appetite.””

damp

to dampen something

“Learners hear “damp” while following the university study explanation.”

imperfect

the form of a verb which is used when talking about an action in the past that is not complete. For example, ‘I was eating’.

“A clear definition of the word “imperfect” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

juxtapose

to put things together, especially things that are not normally together, in order to compare them or to make something new

“A clear example helps learners use “juxtapose” in a sentence about the university study.”

numb

a part of your body that is numb is unable to feel anything, for example because you are very cold

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as numb.”

superlative

the superlative form of an adjective or adverb. For example, ‘biggest’ is the superlative of ‘big’.

“The university study report includes a section on the word “superlative.””

textbook

a book that contains information about a subject that people study, especially at school or college

“The university study report includes a section on the word “textbook.””

yardstick

something that you compare another thing with, in order to judge how good or successful it is

“Learners saw the word “yardstick” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

horrible

very bad - used, for example, about things you see, taste, or smell, or about the weather

“During the university study discussion, “horrible” signals a particular quality.”

locker

a small cupboard with a lock in a school, sports building, office etc, where you can leave clothes or possessions while you do something

“The university study report includes a section on the word “locker.””

Preschool

relating to the time in a child’s life before they are old enough to go to school

“During the university study discussion, “preschool” signals a particular quality.”

science

knowledge about the world, especially based on examining, testing, and proving facts

“In this university study, the word “science” helps express a precise idea.”

sneeze

to have air come suddenly and noisily out through your nose and mouth in a way that you cannot control, for example because you have a cold

“Learners hear “sneeze” while following the university study explanation.”

train

to teach someone the skills of a particular job or activity, or to be taught these skills

“Learners hear “train” while following the university study explanation.”

arbitrate

to officially judge how an argument between two opposing sides should be settled

“Learners hear “arbitrate” while following the university study explanation.”

mathematician

someone who studies or teaches mathematics, or is a specialist in mathematics

“The speaker used the word “mathematician” while explaining the university study problem.”

uneducated

not educated to the usual level, or showing that someone is not well educated

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as uneducated.”

assure

to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true so that they are less worried

“A clear example helps learners use “assure” in a sentence about the university study.”

barrel

a large curved container with a flat top and bottom, made of wood or metal, and used for storing beer, wine etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “barrel.””

challenger

A challenger is someone who competes with you for a position or title that you already have, for example being a sports champion or a political leader

“The speaker used the word “challenger” while explaining the university study problem.”

colony

a country or area that is under the political control of a more powerful country, usually one that is far away

“The university study report includes a section on the word “colony.””

commemorate

to do something to show that you remember and respect someone important or an important event in the past

“The speaker explains how “commemorate” is used in a report about the university study.”

compensation

money paid to someone because they have suffered injury or loss, or because something they own has been damaged

“The university study report includes a section on the word “compensation.””

Congress

a formal meeting of representatives of different groups, countries etc, to discuss ideas, make decisions etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “congress.””

deter

to stop someone from doing something, by making them realize it will be difficult or have bad results

“In the university study discussion, the verb “deter” describes an action or change.”

erratic

something that is erratic does not follow any pattern or plan but happens in a way that is not regular

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as erratic.”

extreme

a situation, quality etc which is as great as it can possibly be – used especially when talking about two opposites

“Learners saw the word “extreme” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

flowerbed

an area of ground, for example in a garden, in which flowers are grown

“Learners saw the word “flowerbed” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

implication

a situation in which it is shown or suggested that someone or something is involved in a crime or a dishonest act

“The speaker used the word “implication” while explaining the university study problem.”

indispensable

someone or something that is indispensable is so important or useful that it is impossible to manage without them

“The speaker uses “indispensable” to characterize the university study situation.”

insure

to buy insurance so that you will receive money if something bad happens to you, your family, your possessions etc

“Learners hear “insure” while following the university study explanation.”

janitor

someone whose job is to look after a school or other large building

“A clear definition of the word “janitor” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

landmark

something that is easy to recognize, such as a tall tree or building, and that helps you know where you are

“Learners saw the word “landmark” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

lease

a legal agreement which allows you to use a building, car etc for a period of time, in return for rent

“Learners saw the word “lease” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

manipulate

to make someone think and behave exactly as you want them to, by skilfully deceiving or influencing them

“In the university study discussion, the verb “manipulate” describes an action or change.”

marble

a type of hard rock that becomes smooth when it is polished, and is used for making buildings, statue s etc

“A clear definition of the word “marble” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

miracle

something very lucky or very good that happens which you did not expect to happen or did not think was possible

“The speaker used the word “miracle” while explaining the university study problem.”

missile

a weapon that can fly over long distances and that explodes when it hits the thing it has been aimed at

“Learners saw the word “missile” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

momentous

a momentous event, change, or decision is very important because it will have a great influence on the future

“During the university study discussion, “momentous” signals a particular quality.”

revenue

money that a business or organization receives over a period of time, especially from selling goods or services

“Learners saw the word “revenue” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

scout

a soldier, plane etc that is sent to search the area in front of an army and get information about the enemy

“Learners saw the word “scout” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

seafood

animals from the sea that you can eat, for example fish and shellfish

“The speaker used the word “seafood” while explaining the university study problem.”

slogan

a short phrase that is easy to remember and is used in advertisements, or by politicians, organizations etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “slogan.””

soak

to put sth in liquid for a time so that it becomes completely wet; to become completely wet in this wa

“Learners hear “soak” while following the university study explanation.”

spray

to force liquid out of a container so that it comes out in a stream of very small drops and covers an area

“A clear example helps learners use “spray” in a sentence about the university study.”

volcano

a mountain with a large hole at the top, through which lava(very hot liquid rock ) is sometimes forced out

“Learners saw the word “volcano” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

weed

a wild plant growing where it is not wanted that prevents crops or garden flowers from growing properly

“The speaker used the word “weed” while explaining the university study problem.”

antecedent

an event, organization, or thing that is similar to the one you have mentioned but existed earlier

“A clear definition of the word “antecedent” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

antique

a piece of furniture, jewellery etc that was made a very long time ago and is therefore valuable

“A clear definition of the word “antique” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

approximate

an approximate number, amount, or time is close to the exact number, amount etc, but could be a little bit more or less than it

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as approximate.”

catalyst

a substance that makes a chemical reaction happen more quickly without being changed itself

“The speaker used the word “catalyst” while explaining the university study problem.”

craft

a job or activity in which you make things with your hands, and that you usually need skill to do

“The university study report includes a section on the word “craft.””

deficit

the difference between the amount of something that you have and the higher amount that you need

“The university study report includes a section on the word “deficit.””

deprive

to prevent someone from having something, especially something that they need or should have

“A clear example helps learners use “deprive” in a sentence about the university study.”

disdain

a complete lack of respect that you show for someone or something because you think they are not important or good enough

“In the university study discussion, the verb “disdain” describes an action or change.”

dissipate

to gradually become less or weaker before disappearing completely, or to make something do this

“Learners hear “dissipate” while following the university study explanation.”

elicit

to succeed in getting information or a reaction from someone, especially when this is difficult

“Learners hear “elicit” while following the university study explanation.”

embed

to put something firmly and deeply into something else, or to be put into something in this way

“The speaker explains how “embed” is used in a report about the university study.”

enzyme

a chemical substance that is produced in a plant or animal, and helps chemical changes to take place in the plant or animal

“The university study report includes a section on the word “enzyme.””

errant

Errant is used to describe someone whose actions are considered unacceptable or wrong by other people. For example, an errant husband is unfaithful to his wife.

“The report describes the university study issue as errant.”

feat

something that is an impressive achievement, because it needs a lot of skill, strength etc to do

“The university study report includes a section on the word “feat.””

geometry

the study in mathematics of the angles and shapes formed by the relationships of lines, surfaces, and solid objects in space

“The university study report includes a section on the word “geometry.””

humid

if the weather is humid, you feel uncomfortable because the air is very wet and usually hot

“During the university study discussion, “humid” signals a particular quality.”

impressive

something that is impressive makes you admire it because it is very good, large, important etc

“During the university study discussion, “impressive” signals a particular quality.”

incur

if you incur a cost, debt, or a fine, you have to pay money because of something you have done

“The speaker explains how “incur” is used in a report about the university study.”

ingenious

an ingenious plan, idea, or object works well and is the result of clever thinking and new ideas

“The speaker uses “ingenious” to characterize the university study situation.”

inspiration

a good idea about what you should do, write, say etc, especially one which you get suddenly

“The university study report includes a section on the word “inspiration.””

invasion

when the army of one country enters another country by force, in order to take control of it

“A clear definition of the word “invasion” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

magnet

a piece of iron or steel that can stick to metal or make other metal objects move towards itself

“The university study report includes a section on the word “magnet.””

oppose

to disagree with something such as a plan or idea and try to prevent it from happening or succeeding

“Learners hear “oppose” while following the university study explanation.”

paraphrase

a statement that expresses in a shorter, clearer, or different way what someone has said or written

“A clear definition of the word “paraphrase” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

ravage

A town, country, or economy that has been ravaged is one that has been damaged so much that it is almost completely destroyed

“Learners hear “ravage” while following the university study explanation.”

retail

the sale of goods in shops to customers, for their own use and not for selling to anyone else

“The speaker explains how “retail” is used in a report about the university study.”

scar

a feeling of fear or sadness that remains with you for a long time after an unpleasant experience

“The speaker used the word “scar” while explaining the university study problem.”

signal

a sound or action that you make in order to give information to someone or tell them to do something

“Learners saw the word “signal” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

stain

a mark that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid such as blood, coffee, or ink

“A clear definition of the word “stain” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

standard

the level that is considered to be acceptable, or the level that someone or something has achieved

“The speaker used the word “standard” while explaining the university study problem.”

submerge

to make yourself very busy doing something, especially in order to forget about something else

“Learners hear “submerge” while following the university study explanation.”

supervise

to be in charge of an activity or person, and make sure that things are done in the correct way

“Learners hear “supervise” while following the university study explanation.”

supplement

to add something, especially to what you earn or eat, in order to increase it to an acceptable level

“The speaker explains how “supplement” is used in a report about the university study.”

telescope

a piece of equipment shaped like a tube, used for making distant objects look larger and closer

“The university study report includes a section on the word “telescope.””

transmit

to send out electronic signals, messages etc using radio, television, or other similar equipment

“Learners hear “transmit” while following the university study explanation.”

ultimate

someone’s ultimate aim is their main and most important aim, that they hope to achieve in the future

“The speaker uses “ultimate” to characterize the university study situation.”

array

a set of numbers or signs, or of computer memory units, arranged in lines across or down

“A clear definition of the word “array” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

athlete

someone who competes in sports competitions, especially running, jumping, and throwing

“A clear definition of the word “athlete” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

battery

an object that provides a supply of electricity for something such as a radio, car, or toy

“A clear definition of the word “battery” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

celebrate

to show that an event or occasion is important by doing something special or enjoyable

“A clear example helps learners use “celebrate” in a sentence about the university study.”

chip

to remove something, especially something hard that is covering a surface, by hitting it with a tool so that small pieces break off

“In the university study discussion, the verb “chip” describes an action or change.”

client

someone who gets services or advice from a professional person, company, or organization

“A clear definition of the word “client” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

compatible

if two pieces of computer equipment are compatible, they can be used together, especially when they are made by different companies

“The report describes the university study issue as compatible.”

comprehensive

including all the necessary facts, details, or problems that need to be dealt with

“The report describes the university study issue as comprehensive.”

crucial

something that is crucial is extremely important, because everything else depends on it

“During the university study discussion, “crucial” signals a particular quality.”

delegate

someone who has been elected or chosen to speak, vote, or take decisions for a group

“A clear definition of the word “delegate” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

fidelity

when you are loyal to your husband, girlfriend etc, by not having sex with anyone else

“Learners saw the word “fidelity” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

fragment

a small piece of something that has broken off or that comes from something larger

“The university study report includes a section on the word “fragment.””

furnace

a large container for a very hot fire, used to produce power, heat, or liquid metal

“The university study report includes a section on the word “furnace.””

grind

to make something smooth or sharp by rubbing it on a hard surface or by using a machine

“In the university study discussion, the verb “grind” describes an action or change.”

hatch

a hole in a ship or aircraft, usually used for loading goods, or the door that covers it

“The university study report includes a section on the word “hatch.””

infest

if insects, rats etc infest a place, there are a lot of them and they usually cause damage

“The speaker explains how “infest” is used in a report about the university study.”

install

to put a piece of equipment somewhere and connect it so that it is ready to be used

“A clear example helps learners use “install” in a sentence about the university study.”

instance

an example of a particular kind of situation

“The speaker used the word “instance” while explaining the university study problem.”

invade

to enter a country, town, or area using military force, in order to take control of it

“A clear example helps learners use “invade” in a sentence about the university study.”

invalid

a contract, ticket, claim etc that is invalid is not legally or officially acceptable

“During the university study discussion, “invalid” signals a particular quality.”

linen

cloth made from the flax plant, used to make high quality clothes, home decorations etc

“Learners saw the word “linen” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

meticulous

very careful about small details, and always making sure that everything is done correctly

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as meticulous.”

negotiate

to discuss something in order to reach an agreement, especially in business or politics

“In the university study discussion, the verb “negotiate” describes an action or change.”

nostalgia

a feeling that a time in the past was good, or the activity of remembering a good time in the past and wishing that things had not changed

“Learners saw the word “nostalgia” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

ornament

a small object that you keep in your house because it is beautiful rather than useful

“The university study report includes a section on the word “ornament.””

outline

to show the edge of something, or draw around its edge, so that its shape is clear

“In the university study discussion, the verb “outline” describes an action or change.”

precarious

a precarious situation or state is one which may very easily or quickly become worse

“The speaker uses “precarious” to characterize the university study situation.”

priority

the thing that you think is most important and that needs attention before anything else

“Learners saw the word “priority” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

productivity

the rate at which goods are produced, and the amount produced, especially in relation to the work, time, and money needed to produce them

“Learners saw the word “productivity” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

reckless

not caring or worrying about the possible bad or dangerous results of your actions

“The report describes the university study issue as reckless.”

shelter

to stay in or under a place where you are protected from the weather or from danger

“A clear example helps learners use “shelter” in a sentence about the university study.”

spontaneous

something that is spontaneous has not been planned or organized, but happens by itself, or because you suddenly feel you want to do it

“During the university study discussion, “spontaneous” signals a particular quality.”

stir

to move a liquid or substance around with a spoon or stick in order to mix it together

“Learners hear “stir” while following the university study explanation.”

subordinate

someone who has a lower position and less authority than someone else in an organization

“The university study report includes a section on the word “subordinate.””

tempt

to make someone want to have or do something, even though they know they really should not

“Learners hear “tempt” while following the university study explanation.”

accessible

a place, building, or object that is accessible is easy to reach or get into

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as accessible.”

adjacent

a room, building, piece of land etc that is adjacent to something is next to it

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as adjacent.”

aggregate

the total after a lot of different figures or points have been added together

“A clear definition of the word “aggregate” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

assume

to think that something is true, although you do not have definite proof

“Learners hear “assume” while following the university study explanation.”

beam

a long heavy piece of wood or metal used in building houses, bridges etc

“The speaker used the word “beam” while explaining the university study problem.”

chaste

not having sex with anyone, or not with anyone except your husband or wife

“The report describes the university study issue as chaste.”

collide

to hit something or someone that is moving in a different direction from you

“In the university study discussion, the verb “collide” describes an action or change.”

compass

an instrument that shows directions and has a needle that always points north

“Learners saw the word “compass” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

conception

an idea about what something is like, or a general understanding of something

“Learners saw the word “conception” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

contempt

a feeling that someone or something is not important and deserves no respect

“Learners saw the word “contempt” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

crawl

to move along on your hands and knees with your body close to the ground

“The speaker explains how “crawl” is used in a report about the university study.”

criterion

a standard that you use to judge something or make a decision about something

“A clear definition of the word “criterion” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

decipher

to find the meaning of something that is difficult to read or understand

“In the university study discussion, the verb “decipher” describes an action or change.”

decorate

to make something look more attractive by putting something pretty on it

“A clear example helps learners use “decorate” in a sentence about the university study.”

disrupt

to prevent something from continuing in its usual way by causing problems

“A clear example helps learners use “disrupt” in a sentence about the university study.”

dump

to get rid of goods by selling them in a foreign country at a much lower price

“Learners hear “dump” while following the university study explanation.”

endanger

to put someone or something in danger of being hurt, damaged, or destroyed

“In the university study discussion, the verb “endanger” describes an action or change.”

endure

to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining

“A clear example helps learners use “endure” in a sentence about the university study.”

extend

to continue for a longer period of time, or to make something last longer

“In the university study discussion, the verb “extend” describes an action or change.”

hail

to call to someone in order to greet them or try to attract their attention

“Learners hear “hail” while following the university study explanation.”

haste

great speed in doing something, especially because you do not have enough time

“The speaker used the word “haste” while explaining the university study problem.”

layout

the way in which something such as a town, garden, or building is arranged

“Learners saw the word “layout” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

oak

a large tree that is common in northern countries, or the hard wood of this tree

“A clear definition of the word “oak” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

overt

An overt action or attitude is done or shown in an open and obvious way

“The report describes the university study issue as overt.”

pedal

to turn or push the pedals on a bicycle or other machine with your feet

“Learners hear “pedal” while following the university study explanation.”

philosophy

the study of the nature and meaning of existence, truth, good and evil, etc

“A clear definition of the word “philosophy” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

preliminary

something that is said or done first, to introduce or prepare for something else

“The university study report includes a section on the word “preliminary.””

presentation

the way in which something is said, offered, shown, or explained to others

“The university study report includes a section on the word “presentation.””

prolong

to deliberately make something such as a feeling or an activity last longer

“The speaker explains how “prolong” is used in a report about the university study.”

stripe

a line of colour, especially one of several lines of colour all close together

“A clear definition of the word “stripe” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

stuff

to push or put something into a small space, especially in a quick careless way

“In the university study discussion, the verb “stuff” describes an action or change.”

target

something that you are trying to achieve, such as a total, an amount, or a time

“A clear definition of the word “target” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

tedious

something that is tedious continues for a long time and is not interesting

“The speaker uses “tedious” to characterize the university study situation.”

tertiary

third in place, degree, or order

“The report describes the university study issue as tertiary.”

tunnel

a passage that has been dug under the ground for cars, trains etc to go through

“Learners saw the word “tunnel” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

vanish

to disappear suddenly, especially in a way that cannot be easily explained

“The speaker explains how “vanish” is used in a report about the university study.”

wax

a solid substance made of fat or oil and used to make candles, polish etc

“The university study report includes a section on the word “wax.””

asset

the things that a company owns, that can be sold to pay debts

“The university study report includes a section on the word “asset.””

attain

to succeed in achieving something after trying for a long time

“The speaker explains how “attain” is used in a report about the university study.”

carve

to make an object or pattern by cutting a piece of wood or stone

“The speaker explains how “carve” is used in a report about the university study.”

chamber

an enclosed space, especially in your body or inside a machine

“Learners saw the word “chamber” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

cherish

to love someone or something very much and take care of them well

“Learners hear “cherish” while following the university study explanation.”

conviction

the feeling of being sure about something and having no doubts

“The university study report includes a section on the word “conviction.””

cumulative

increasing gradually as more of something is added or happens

“During the university study discussion, “cumulative” signals a particular quality.”

dairy

a place on a farm where milk is kept and butter and cheese are made

“The speaker used the word “dairy” while explaining the university study problem.”

distinct

something that is distinct can clearly be seen, heard, smelled etc

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as distinct.”

diversify

to change something or to make it change so that there is more variety

“The speaker explains how “diversify” is used in a report about the university study.”

educational

relating to education

“The speaker uses “educational” to characterize the university study situation.”

endorse

to express formal support or approval for someone or something

“In the university study discussion, the verb “endorse” describes an action or change.”

fare

the price you pay to travel somewhere by bus, train, plane etc

“Learners saw the word “fare” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

harsh

harsh conditions are difficult to live in and very uncomfortable

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as harsh.”

horizon

the line far away where the land or sea seems to meet the sky

“The speaker used the word “horizon” while explaining the university study problem.”

incident

an event, especially one that is unusual, important, or violent

“Learners saw the word “incident” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

inflation

a continuing increase in prices, or the rate at which prices increase

“The university study report includes a section on the word “inflation.””

leak

a small hole that lets liquid or gas flow into or out of something

“The speaker used the word “leak” while explaining the university study problem.”

mate

someone you work with, do an activity with, or share something with

“A clear definition of the word “mate” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

moist

slightly wet, especially in a way that is pleasant or suitable

“The report describes the university study issue as moist.”

motion

the process of moving or the way that someone or something moves

“Learners saw the word “motion” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

multiple

a number that contains a smaller number an exact number of times

“The university study report includes a section on the word “multiple.””

otherwise

used when saying what bad thing will happen if something is not done

“The team responded otherwise when the university study plan changed.”

pine

a tall tree with long hard sharp leaves that do not fall off in winter

“The university study report includes a section on the word “pine.””

practical

relating to real situations and events rather than ideas, emotions etc

“During the university study discussion, “practical” signals a particular quality.”

precipitate

a solid substance that has been chemically separated from a liquid

“Learners saw the word “precipitate” while comparing two sides of the university study issue.”

premise

the buildings and land that a shop, restaurant, company etc uses

“The speaker used the word “premise” while explaining the university study problem.”

quintessence

a perfect example of something

“A clear definition of the word “quintessence” helped the group discuss the university study topic.”

redundant

not necessary because something else means or does the same thing

“The speaker uses “redundant” to characterize the university study situation.”

remarkable

unusual or surprising and therefore deserving attention or praise

“Researchers describe the university study evidence as remarkable.”

replenish

to put new supplies into something, or to fill something again

“Learners hear “replenish” while following the university study explanation.”

rescue

to save someone or something from a situation of danger or harm

“A clear example helps learners use “rescue” in a sentence about the university study.”

The words