Skip to story
ELI5 Yahaaa

Some of it — and the sea makes more

Do Trees Make the Air We Breathe?

Trees release oxygen, but ocean plankton produce roughly half the world's supply.

Trees and land plants About half the oxygenOcean plankton About the other half
The invisible half is the bigger surprise.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    Oxygen is a by-product, not a purpose.

    1 Light splitswater2 The plant keepswhat it needs3 Oxygen releasedas waste

    Plants split water to get at what they need for building sugar. Oxygen is what is left over, and they simply release it.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    A mature tree makes a lot of it.

    A mature tree, per yearenough for a fewpeopleA seedlingvery little

    A large tree can release enough oxygen in a year for several people. Multiply by the world's forests and it is an enormous flow.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    But the ocean does about half the work.

    Sunlit surface water Countlessphotosynthesisingplankton

    Microscopic plankton drifting in sunlit surface water photosynthesise constantly. Individually invisible, collectively they rival every forest on Earth.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    Plants use oxygen too.

    A forest's oxygenMade by photosynthesis in daylightUsed by the plant's own respiration

    At night, and in every non-green part, plants respire like animals. A forest's net output is what remains after its own consumption.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    Old forests balance out.

    Growing forest Net gainMature, stable forest Roughly in balance

    A mature forest that is not growing releases about as much oxygen as its decaying matter consumes. Growing forests are the ones adding to the total.

    Trees matter enormously for climate, water and habitat. Oxygen supply is simply not the main reason to keep them.

The short version

Trees release oxygen, but ocean plankton produce about half of it, and mature forests roughly break even.

Try it yourself

Look at a satellite image of ocean chlorophyll. The green swirls are the plankton making half your air.

Topics