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TOEFL iBT Culture and communication

Precise Responses: Culture & media

Precise verbs, connectors, and evaluative language for supported academic responses. Focus: culture & media.

Independent TOEFL iBT study resource — not official exam material.

  • Teens and up
  • Culture & hobbies
  • Advanced · C1
  • 250 words

The words

Every word in this set, with what it means. Tap a word to hear it.

philistine
someone who does not like or understand art, literature, music etc
“The speaker used the word “philistine” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
encore
an additional or repeated part of a performance, especially a musical one
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “encore.””
lexicon
all the words and phrases used in a language or that a particular person knows
“Learners saw the word “lexicon” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
podium
a small raised area for a performer, speaker, or musical conductor to stand on
“Learners saw the word “podium” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
pastiche
a piece of writing, music, film etc that is deliberately made in the style of someone or something else
“The speaker used the word “pastiche” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
byline
A byline is a line at the top of an article in a newspaper or magazine giving the author's name
“A clear definition of the word “byline” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
atonal
a piece of music that is atonal is not based on a particular key 2 4
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “atonal” signals a particular quality.”
recital
a performance of music or poetry, usually given by one performer
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “recital.””
gripping
a gripping film, story etc is very exciting and interesting
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as gripping.”
subculture
a particular group of people within a society and their behaviour, beliefs, and activities – often used to show disapproval
“Learners saw the word “subculture” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
antedate
to come from an earlier time in history than something else
“Learners hear “antedate” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
rekindle
to make someone have a particular feeling, thought etc again
“Learners hear “rekindle” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
stylized
drawn, written, or performed in an artificial style that does not look natural or real, but that is still pleasant to look at
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as stylized.”
travelogue
a film or piece of writing that describes travel in a particular country, or a particular person’s travels
“Learners saw the word “travelogue” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
discography
A discography is a list of all the recordings made by a particular artist or group
“The speaker used the word “discography” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
frivolous
If you describe someone as frivolous, you mean they behave in a silly or light-hearted way, rather than being serious and sensible
“The speaker uses “frivolous” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
sidebar
a separate part of something such as a newspaper article where extra information is given
“Learners saw the word “sidebar” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
aesthete
someone who loves and understands beautiful things, such as art and music
“A clear definition of the word “aesthete” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
chromosome
a part of every living cell that is shaped like a thread and contains the gene s that control the size, shape etc that a plant or animal has
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “chromosome.””
discernment
the ability to make good judgments about people or about art, music, style etc
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “discernment.””
diminuendo
a part in a piece of music where it becomes gradually quieter
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “diminuendo.””
presto
a piece of music, or part of one, that is played or sung very quickly
“The speaker used the word “presto” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
denouement
the exciting last part of a story or play
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “denouement.””
ethnomusicology
the study of the music of different cultures
“The speaker used the word “ethnomusicology” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
extraneous
not belonging to or directly related to a particular subject or problem
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as extraneous.”
infuse
to fill something or someone with a particular feeling or quality
“Learners hear “infuse” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
membrane
a very thin piece of skin that covers or connects parts of your body
“A clear definition of the word “membrane” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
stanza
a group of lines in a repeated pattern forming part of a poem
“The speaker used the word “stanza” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
apex
the top or highest part of something pointed or curved
“Learners saw the word “apex” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
stimulant
something that encourages more of a particular activity
“The speaker used the word “stimulant” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
requisite
something that is needed for a particular purpose
“A clear definition of the word “requisite” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
artifice
a trick used to deceive someone
“A clear definition of the word “artifice” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
calculus
the part of mathematics that deals with changing quantities, such as the speed of a falling stone or the slope of a curved line
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “calculus.””
reservation
an arrangement which you make so that a place in a hotel, restaurant, plane etc is kept for you at a particular time in the future
“Learners saw the word “reservation” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
verse
a set of lines that forms one part of a song, poem, or a book such as the Bible or the Koran
“The speaker used the word “verse” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
jargon
words and expressions used in a particular profession or by a particular group of people, which are difficult for other people to understand – often used to show disapproval
“The speaker used the word “jargon” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
cuisine
a particular style of cooking
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “cuisine.””
reside
to live in a particular place
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “reside” describes an action or change.”
destine
to set apart or appoint (for a certain purpose or person, or to do something); intend; design
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “destine” describes an action or change.”
addictive
if a substance, especially a drug, is addictive, your body starts to need it regularly and you are unable to stop taking it
“The speaker uses “addictive” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
preponderance
if there is a preponderance of people or things of a particular type in a group, there are more of that type than of any other
“Learners saw the word “preponderance” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
repertory
a type of theatre work in which actors perform different plays on different days, instead of doing the same play for a long time
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “repertory.””
allergy
a medical condition in which you become ill or in which your skin becomes red and painful because you have eaten or touched a particular substance
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “allergy.””
secede
if a country or state secedes from another country, it officially stops being part of it and becomes independent
“The speaker explains how “secede” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
wean
to gradually stop feeding a baby or young animal on its mother’s milk and start giving it ordinary food
“A clear example helps learners use “wean” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
cartilage
a strong substance that can bend, which is around the joints in your body and in your outer ear
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “cartilage.””
fabulous
fabulous creatures, places etc are mentioned in traditional stories, but do not really exist
“The speaker uses “fabulous” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
mortality
the number of deaths during a particular period of time among a particular type or group of people
“The speaker used the word “mortality” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
orchestra
a large group of musicians playing many different kinds of instruments and led by a conductor
“A clear definition of the word “orchestra” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
ordinate
the vertical or y-coordinate of a point in a two-dimensional system of Cartesian coordinates
“Learners saw the word “ordinate” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
symmetrical
an object or design that is symmetrical has two halves that are exactly the same shape and size
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as symmetrical.”
royalty
a payment made to the writer of a book or piece of music depending on how many books etc are sold, or to someone whose idea, invention etc is used by someone else to make money
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “royalty.””
prescribe
to state officially what should be done in a particular situation
“A clear example helps learners use “prescribe” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
husk
the dry outer part of corn, some grains, seeds, nuts etc
“A clear definition of the word “husk” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
tempo
the speed at which music is played or should be played
“The speaker used the word “tempo” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
bisect
to divide something into two equal parts
“Learners hear “bisect” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
bulk
the main or largest part of something
“Learners saw the word “bulk” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
knack
A knack is a particularly clever or skilful way of doing something successfully, especially something which most people find difficult
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “knack.””
peremptory
peremptory behaviour, speech etc is not polite or friendly and shows that the person speaking expects to be obeyed immediately
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “peremptory” signals a particular quality.”
skirmish
a fight between small groups of soldiers, ships etc, especially one that happens away from the main part of a battle – used in news reports
“Learners saw the word “skirmish” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
soliloquy
a speech in a play in which a character, usually alone on the stage, talks to himself or herself so that the audience knows their thoughts
“The speaker used the word “soliloquy” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
stigma
a strong feeling in society that being in a particular situation or having a particular illness is something to be ashamed of
“The speaker used the word “stigma” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
caucus
a meeting of the members of a political party to choose people to represent them in a larger meeting, election etc
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “caucus.””
expurgate
If someone expurgates a piece of writing, they remove parts of it before it is published because they think those parts will offend or shock people
“The speaker explains how “expurgate” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
farce
a humorous play or film in which the characters are involved in complicated and silly situations, or the style of writing or acting that is used
“The speaker used the word “farce” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
hieroglyph
a picture or symbol used to represent a word or part of a word, especially in the ancient Egyptian writing system
“A clear definition of the word “hieroglyph” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
lubricant
a substance such as oil that you put on surfaces that rub together, especially parts of a machine, in order to make them move smoothly and easily
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “lubricant.””
maze
a specially designed system of paths, often in a park or public garden, which is difficult to find your way through
“The speaker used the word “maze” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
rudder
a flat part at the back of a ship or aircraft that can be turned in order to control the direction in which it moves
“Learners saw the word “rudder” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
bowdlerize
to remove all the parts of a book, play etc that you think might offend someone – used to show disapproval
“A clear example helps learners use “bowdlerize” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
endemic
an endemic disease or problem is always present in a particular place, or among a particular group of people
“The speaker uses “endemic” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
heterodox
heterodox beliefs, practices etc are not approved of by a particular group, especially a religious one
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as heterodox.”
cholesterol
a chemical substance found in your blood. Too much cholesterol in your body may cause heart disease.
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “cholesterol.””
manifesto
a written statement by a political party, saying what they believe in and what they intend to do
“Learners saw the word “manifesto” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
overhaul
to repair or change the necessary parts in a machine, system etc that is not working correctly
“Learners hear “overhaul” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
seminal
a seminal article, book etc is important, and influences the way things develop in the future
“The speaker uses “seminal” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
intersperse
if something is interspersed with a particular kind of thing, it has a lot of them in it
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “intersperse” describes an action or change.”
repartee
conversation which is fast and full of intelligent and amusing remarks and replies
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “repartee.””
strategic
done as part of a plan, especially in a military, business, or political situation
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as strategic.”
superimpose
to put one picture, image, or photograph on top of another so that both can be partly seen
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “superimpose” describes an action or change.”
abjure
to state publicly that you will give up a particular belief or way of behaving
“The speaker explains how “abjure” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
annotate
to add short notes to a book or piece of writing to explain parts of it
“Learners hear “annotate” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
apostate
someone who has stopped believing in a religion or supporting a political party
“The speaker used the word “apostate” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
braggart
someone who is always talking too proudly about what they own or have done
“Learners saw the word “braggart” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
inflammation
swelling and pain in part of your body, which is often red and feels hot
“A clear definition of the word “inflammation” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
warp
a part of something that has become bent or twisted from its original shape
“Learners saw the word “warp” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
adherent
someone who supports a particular belief, plan, political party etc
“A clear definition of the word “adherent” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
artisan
someone who does skilled work, making things with their hands
“Learners saw the word “artisan” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
cult
a group of people who are very interested in a particular thing
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “cult.””
inchoate
inchoate ideas, plans, attitudes etc are only just starting to develop
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “inchoate” signals a particular quality.”
modification
a small change made in something such as a design, plan, or system
“Learners saw the word “modification” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
neophyte
someone who has just started to learn a particular skill, art, job etc
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “neophyte.””
posit
to suggest that a particular idea should be accepted as a fact
“A clear example helps learners use “posit” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
timbre
the quality of the sound made by a particular instrument or voice
“A clear definition of the word “timbre” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
chromatic
related to a musical scale which consists of semitone s
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as chromatic.”
excerpt
a short piece taken from a book, poem, piece of music etc
“A clear definition of the word “excerpt” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
malfunction
a fault in the way a machine or part of someone’s body works
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “malfunction.””
parochial
relating to a particular church and the area around it
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “parochial” signals a particular quality.”
sculpt
to make a particular shape from stone, wood, clay etc
“A clear example helps learners use “sculpt” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
votary
someone who regularly practises a particular religion
“The speaker used the word “votary” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
ballad
a short story in the form of a poem or song
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “ballad.””
desultory
done without any particular plan or purpose
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “desultory” signals a particular quality.”
familiarity
a good knowledge of a particular subject or place
“A clear definition of the word “familiarity” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
nascent
coming into existence or starting to develop
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as nascent.”
resident
someone who lives or stays in a particular place
“Learners saw the word “resident” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
somnolent
almost starting to sleep
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “somnolent” signals a particular quality.”
spartan
a disciplined or brave person
“The speaker used the word “spartan” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
valve
a part of a tube or pipe that opens and shuts like a door to control the flow of liquid, gas, air etc passing through it
“Learners saw the word “valve” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
editorial
relating to the preparation of a newspaper, book, television programme etc for printing or broadcasting
“The speaker uses “editorial” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
proton
a very small piece of matter with a positive electrical charge that is in the central part of an atom
“Learners saw the word “proton” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
barbecue
a meal or party during which food is cooked on a metal frame over a fire and eaten outdoors
“The speaker used the word “barbecue” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
creative
involving the use of imagination to produce new ideas or things
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “creative” signals a particular quality.”
inflammable
inflammable materials or substances will start to burn very easily
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as inflammable.”
bar
a place where a particular kind of food or drink is served
“The speaker used the word “bar” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
period
a particular length of time with a beginning and an end
“A clear definition of the word “period” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
sinew
a part of your body that connects a muscle to a bone
“Learners saw the word “sinew” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
receptor
a nerve ending which receives information about changes in light, heat etc and causes the body to react in particular ways
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “receptor.””
apprentice
someone who works for an employer for a fixed period of time in order to learn a particular skill or job
“A clear definition of the word “apprentice” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
borough
a town, or part of a large city, that is responsible for managing its own schools, hospitals, roads etc
“Learners saw the word “borough” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
integrated
an integrated system, institution etc combines many different groups, ideas, or parts in a way that works well
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “integrated” signals a particular quality.”
movement
a group of people who share the same ideas or beliefs and who work together to achieve a particular aim
“A clear definition of the word “movement” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
parse
to describe the grammar of a word when it is in a particular sentence, or the grammar of the whole sentence
“A clear example helps learners use “parse” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
particulate
Particulates are very small particles of a substance, especially those that are produced when fuel is burned
“Learners saw the word “particulate” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
pointer
the small symbol, usually an arrow , that you move using a computer’s mouse to point to the place on the screen where you want to work, start a program etc
“The speaker used the word “pointer” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
arrogate
to claim that you have a particular right, position etc, without having the legal right to it
“The speaker explains how “arrogate” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
baton
a short thin stick used by a conductor (= the leader of a group of musicians ) to direct the music
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “baton.””
electrolysis
the process of separating a liquid into its chemical parts by passing an electric current through it
“Learners saw the word “electrolysis” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
intermediary
a person or organization that tries to help two other people or groups to agree with each other
“The speaker used the word “intermediary” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
mutilate
to severely and violently damage someone’s body, especially by cutting or removing part of it
“The speaker explains how “mutilate” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
partisan
a member of an armed group that fights against an enemy that has taken control of its country
“Learners saw the word “partisan” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
semblance
a situation, condition etc that is close to or similar to a particular one, usually a good one
“Learners saw the word “semblance” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
apostasy
when someone suddenly stops believing in a religion or supporting a political party
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “apostasy.””
barter
to exchange goods, work, or services for other goods or services rather than for money
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “barter” describes an action or change.”
rite
a ceremony that is always performed in the same way, usually for religious purposes
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “rite.””
cognate
a word in one language that has the same origin as a word in another language
“The speaker used the word “cognate” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
creativity
the ability to use your imagination to produce new ideas, make things etc
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “creativity.””
etiquette
the formal rules for polite behaviour in society or in a particular group
“Learners saw the word “etiquette” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
predisposition
a tendency to behave in a particular way or suffer from a particular illness
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “predisposition.””
prune
to make something smaller by removing parts that you do not need or want
“Learners hear “prune” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
resumption
the act of starting an activity again after stopping or being interrupted
“Learners saw the word “resumption” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
spike
to prevent someone from saying something or printing something in a newspaper
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “spike” describes an action or change.”
subconscious
the part of your mind that has thoughts and feelings you do not know about
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “subconscious.””
heterogeneous
consisting of parts or members that are very different from each other
“The speaker uses “heterogeneous” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
isotope
one of the possible different forms of an atom of a particular element
“A clear definition of the word “isotope” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
polyglot
A polyglot is a person who speaks or understands many languages
“Learners saw the word “polyglot” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
preceding
happening or coming before the time, place, or part mentioned
“The speaker uses “preceding” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
procession
a line of people or vehicles moving slowly as part of a ceremony
“The speaker used the word “procession” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
rookie
someone who has just started doing a job and has little experience
“The speaker used the word “rookie” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
bawdy
A bawdy story or joke contains humorous references to sex
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “bawdy” signals a particular quality.”
biosphere
the part of the world in which animals, plants etc can live
“The speaker used the word “biosphere” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
cantata
a piece of religious music for singers and instruments
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “cantata.””
cartographer
A cartographer is a person whose job is drawing maps
“Learners saw the word “cartographer” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
garble
to jumble (a story, quotation, etc), esp unintentionally
“The speaker explains how “garble” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
larynx
the part in your throat where your voice is produced
“Learners saw the word “larynx” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
modish
modish ideas, designs etc are modern and fashionable
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as modish.”
apiece
costing or having a particular amount each
“The result was described apiece in the final culture and media discussion paragraph.”
dramatize
to make a book or event into a play or film
“The speaker explains how “dramatize” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
participation
the act of taking part in an activity or event
“A clear definition of the word “participation” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
ramify
to divide into branches or branchlike parts
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “ramify” describes an action or change.”
solecism
a mistake in the use of written or spoken language
“A clear definition of the word “solecism” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
wig
artificial hair that you wear on your head
“A clear definition of the word “wig” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
denominate
to give a specific name to; designate
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “denominate” describes an action or change.”
mattress
the soft part of a bed that you lie on
“A clear definition of the word “mattress” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
rendering
someone’s performance of a play, piece of music etc
“Learners saw the word “rendering” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
situated
to be in a particular place or position
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “situated” signals a particular quality.”
promiscuous
having many sexual partners
“The speaker uses “promiscuous” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
bifurcate
If something such as a line or path bifurcates or is bifurcated, it divides into two parts which go in different directions
“The speaker explains how “bifurcate” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
pollster
someone who works for a company that prepares and asks questions to find out what people think about a particular subject
“The speaker used the word “pollster” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
sensitize
to give someone some experience or knowledge of a particular problem or situation so that they can notice it and understand it easily
“Learners hear “sensitize” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
serenade
a song sung to someone, especially one that a man performs for the woman he loves while standing below her window at night
“A clear definition of the word “serenade” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
colloquial
language or words that are colloquial are used mainly in informal conversations rather than in writing or formal speech
“The speaker uses “colloquial” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
myopic
unwilling or unable to think about the future, especially about the possible results of a particular action – used in order to show disapproval
“The speaker uses “myopic” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
postwar
Postwar is used to describe things that happened, existed, or were made in the period immediately after a war, especially World War II, 1939-45
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as postwar.”
producer
someone whose job is to control the preparation of a play, film, or broadcast, but who does not direct the actors
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “producer.””
spat
a larval oyster or similar bivalve mollusc, esp when it settles to the sea bottom and starts to develop a shell
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “spat.””
valedictory
A valedictory speech, letter, or performance is one that is intended as a way of saying goodbye when someone leaves another person, a place, or a job
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as valedictory.”
apron
a piece of clothing that covers the front part of your clothes and is tied around your waist, worn to keep your clothes clean, especially while cooking
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “apron.””
casualty
the part of a hospital that people are taken to when they are hurt in an accident or suddenly become ill
“Learners saw the word “casualty” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
crescendo
if a sound or a piece of music rises to a cre-scendo, it gradually becomes louder until it is very loud
“Learners saw the word “crescendo” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
flaccid
You use flaccid to describe a part of someone's body when it is unpleasantly soft and not hard or firm
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as flaccid.”
fondle
to gently touch and move your fingers over part of someone’s body in a way that shows love or sexual desire
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “fondle” describes an action or change.”
lesion
damage to someone’s skin or part of their body such as their stomach or brain, caused by injury or illness
“Learners saw the word “lesion” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
obeisance
respect and obedience to someone or something, often shown by bending your head or the upper part of your body
“The speaker used the word “obeisance” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
palpitate
If someone's heart palpitates, it beats very fast in an irregular way, because they are frightened or anxious
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “palpitate” describes an action or change.”
perspire
if you perspire, parts of your body become wet, especially because you are hot or have been doing hard work
“Learners hear “perspire” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
precept
A precept is a general rule that helps you to decide how you should behave in particular circumstances
“A clear definition of the word “precept” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
proclivity
a tendency to behave in a particular way, or to like a particular thing – used especially about something bad
“The speaker used the word “proclivity” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
slant
a way of writing about or thinking about a subject that is based on a particular opinion or set of ideas
“Learners saw the word “slant” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
subscription
an amount of money you pay, usually once a year, to receive copies of a newspaper or magazine, or receive a service, or the act of paying money for this
“The speaker used the word “subscription” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
virile
having or showing tradition­ally male qualities such as strength, courage etc – use this to show approval
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “virile” signals a particular quality.”
burlesque
a performance involving a mixture of comedy and striptease , popular in America in the past
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “burlesque.””
conjure
to perform clever tricks in which you seem to make things appear, disappear, or change by magic
“Learners hear “conjure” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
construe
If something is construed in a particular way, its nature or meaning is interpreted in that way
“A clear example helps learners use “construe” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
convulse
if your body or a part of it convulses, it moves violently and you are not able to control it
“A clear example helps learners use “convulse” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
observance
when someone obeys a law or does something because it is part of a religion, custom, or ceremony
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “observance.””
ambience
the qualities and character of a particular place and the way these make you feel
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “ambience.””
amnesty
an official order by a government that allows a particular group of prisoners to go free
“The speaker used the word “amnesty” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
hale
someone, especially an old person, who is hale and hearty is very healthy and active
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as hale.”
inflamed
a part of your body that is inflamed is red and swollen, because it is injured or infected
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as inflamed.”
involvement
the act of taking part in an activity or event, or the way in which you take part in it
“A clear definition of the word “involvement” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
locution
a phrase, especially one used in a particular area or by a particular group of people
“The speaker used the word “locution” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
nasal
a particular speech sound such as /m/, /n/, or /N/ that is made through your nose
“A clear definition of the word “nasal” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
polemical
using strong arguments to criticize or defend a particular idea, opinion, or person
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as polemical.”
splice
to join the ends of two pieces of rope, film etc so that they form one continuous piece
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “splice” describes an action or change.”
stipulation
something that must be done, and which is stated as part of an agreement, law, or rule
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “stipulation.””
tambourine
a circular musical instrument consisting of a frame covered with skin or plastic and small pieces of metal that hang around the edge. You shake it or hit it with your hand.
“Learners saw the word “tambourine” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
vestigial
a vestigial part of the body has never developed completely or has almost disappeared
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as vestigial.”
credo
a formal statement of the beliefs of a particular person, group, religion etc
“The speaker used the word “credo” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
heresy
a belief that disagrees with the official principles of a particular religion
“The culture and media discussion report includes a section on the word “heresy.””
holistic
considering a person or thing as a whole, rather than as separate parts
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “holistic” signals a particular quality.”
inadequate
not good enough, big enough, skilled enough etc for a particular purpose
“The speaker uses “inadequate” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
minuet
a slow dance of the 17th and 18th centuries, or a piece of music for this dance
“Learners saw the word “minuet” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
unseemly
unseemly behaviour is not polite or not suitable for a particular occasion
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as unseemly.”
vitriolic
vitriolic language, writing etc is very cruel and angry towards someone
“The speaker uses “vitriolic” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
banish
to not allow someone or something to stay in a particular place
“The speaker explains how “banish” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
criss-cross
A criss-cross pattern or design consists of lines crossing each other
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “criss-cross” signals a particular quality.”
encyclopedic
having a lot of knowledge or information about a particular subject
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as encyclopedic.”
etymology
the study of the origins, history and changing meanings of words
“The speaker used the word “etymology” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
harpsichord
a musical instrument like a piano, used especially in the past
“A clear definition of the word “harpsichord” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
homogenize
to change something so that its parts become similar or the same
“The speaker explains how “homogenize” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
immunize
to protect someone from a particular illness by giving them a vaccine
“Learners hear “immunize” while following the culture and media discussion explanation.”
mores
the customs, social behaviour, and moral values of a particular group
“Learners saw the word “mores” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
philology
the study of words and of the way words and languages develop
“A clear definition of the word “philology” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
prehistoric
relating to the time in history before anything was written down
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as prehistoric.”
septic
a wound or part of your body that is septic is infected with bacteria
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as septic.”
theme
the main subject or idea in a piece of writing, speech, film etc
“A clear definition of the word “theme” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
extemporize
to speak or perform without preparation or practice
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “extemporize” describes an action or change.”
graft
to join a part of a plant or tree onto another plant or tree
“In the culture and media discussion discussion, the verb “graft” describes an action or change.”
monograph
an article or short book that discusses a subject in detail
“A clear definition of the word “monograph” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
partiality
unfair support of one person or one group against another
“A clear definition of the word “partiality” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
projection
the act of projecting a film or picture onto a screen
“The speaker used the word “projection” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
schematic
showing the main parts of something in a simple way
“The speaker uses “schematic” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
seasonal
happening, expected, or needed during a particular season
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as seasonal.”
sunder
to break something into parts, especially violently
“The speaker explains how “sunder” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
tart
a pie without a top on it, containing something sweet
“A clear definition of the word “tart” helped the group discuss the culture and media discussion topic.”
whittle
to gradually make something smaller by taking parts away
“The speaker explains how “whittle” is used in a report about the culture and media discussion.”
actuate
to make a piece of machinery start to operate
“A clear example helps learners use “actuate” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
ersatz
artificial, and not as good as the real thing
“The speaker uses “ersatz” to characterize the culture and media discussion situation.”
fitful
not regular, and starting and stopping often
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as fitful.”
symptomatic
showing that someone has a particular illness
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as symptomatic.”
tumid
(of an organ or part) enlarged or swollen
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “tumid” signals a particular quality.”
chafe
to rub part of your body to make it warm
“A clear example helps learners use “chafe” in a sentence about the culture and media discussion.”
crook
the part of your arm where it bends
“Learners saw the word “crook” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
fragmentary
consisting of many different small parts
“The report describes the culture and media discussion issue as fragmentary.”
martial
connected with war and fighting
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as martial.”
parturition
the act or process of giving birth
“The speaker used the word “parturition” while explaining the culture and media discussion problem.”
swarthy
someone who is swarthy has dark skin
“Researchers describe the culture and media discussion evidence as swarthy.”
thereafter
after a particular event or time
“The team responded thereafter when the culture and media discussion plan changed.”
acting
the job or skill of performing in plays and films
“Learners saw the word “acting” while comparing two sides of the culture and media discussion issue.”
heartrending
making you feel great pity
“During the culture and media discussion discussion, “heartrending” signals a particular quality.”