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A loop with no end

Where Does Water Go?

Earth's water has been going round the same loop for billions of years.

Sea Evaporates Clouds form Rain fallsNo newwater
The same water, going round and round.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    Earth never gains or loses water.

    1 A fixed amountof water2 It movesconstantly3=The total neverchanges

    The water here now is the water that has always been here. It changes form and location, but essentially none escapes and none arrives.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    Sun lifts it into the air.

    Sunlight warms thesea Vapour rises

    Warmth gives surface water molecules enough energy to break free as vapour. Oceans supply about 86 percent of it; plants and soil supply the rest.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    Cooling turns it back into droplets.

    Going up Liquid → vapour, needsheatComing down Vapour → liquid,releases heat

    High up it is cold, so vapour condenses onto dust into cloud droplets. That is condensation — evaporation running backwards.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    It falls, and then it travels.

    Falls as rain or snowback to thesurfaceRuns off into riversor soaks intothe groundReturns to the oceanand startsagain

    Rain and snow land, then run into streams, soak into the ground, or freeze into glaciers. Every route eventually leads back to the sea.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    Some water takes a very long detour.

    Deep oceanhundreds tothousands ofyearsGroundwaterdecades tocenturiesIn the atmosphereabout 9 days

    A molecule may spend nine days in the air, but two thousand years in the deep ocean or a hundred thousand in an ice sheet.

    Water you drink today has almost certainly been inside a dinosaur at some point.

The short version

Water endlessly loops from sea to sky to land and back — the same water, never new.

Try it yourself

Put a bowl of water in a sealed clear bag on a sunny sill. Watch it evaporate, condense on the bag and rain back down.

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