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ELI5 Yahaaa

It falls there, mostly

How Does Water Climb to the Tap?

Water is stored above your house, and that height alone provides the pressure at your tap.

1 Water is storedhigh up2 Gravity pushesit down thepipes3 It arrives withpressure tospare
Nothing pumps water to your tap. It falls there.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    The water starts higher than you do.

    A tank on legs or ahillFilled slowly by pumpsHeight is the storedenergyEvery tap below is fedby it

    Every supply has a tank on a tower, a hill or a rooftop. Pumps fill it slowly, and that stored height is what feeds every tap below.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    Height is the same thing as pressure.

    Tank 10 m above youabout one bar ofpressureTank 30 m above youabout three bar

    The weight of all the water above a point presses down on it, so the further below the tank you are, the harder the water pushes.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    Water will rise nearly back to its source.

    Ground floor tap Strong flowTop floor tap Weaker — less heightabove it

    Pressure will lift water almost to the level it fell from, which is why upstairs taps still run but noticeably more weakly than downstairs ones.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    A tap is just a leak you control.

    A tap on the wall A screw closing a rubberseal

    Turning the handle screws a rubber washer down onto a seat, pinching the flow. Open it and you are simply allowing the pressure to escape.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    Tall buildings must add their own pumps.

    Roof tankrefilled bypumpsUpper floorsfed by the rooftankLower floorsfed straightfrom the streetStreet mainfed by the toweror reservoir

    No tower is higher than a skyscraper, so tall blocks pump water to a roof tank and let it fall back down to the flats beneath.

    Every 10 metres of height gives roughly one bar of water pressure, about the same as the whole atmosphere pressing down on you.

The short version

Water reaches your tap because it is stored high above you, and that height alone supplies the pressure that pushes it through the pipes.

Try it yourself

Fill a bottle and make a small hole near the bottom and another near the top. The lower hole squirts much further, with more water above it.

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