Skip to story
ELI5 Yahaaa

A city that weighs a sun

What Is Left After the Explosion?

The crushed core survives the blast — a ball the width of a city holding more material than the Sun.

A neutron star About 20 km acrossA large city About 20 km across
Same width. One of them holds more material than the Sun.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    The explosion throws away the outside and keeps the middle.

    The star tearsapart The crushed coreremains

    A supernova blows off the star's outer layers, but the collapsed core is not blown away. It stays where it was, crushed far past anything ordinary matter can survive.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    Squeezed that hard, atoms stop being atoms.

    Ordinary matter Mostly empty spaceNeutron star matter Nothing left tosqueeze out

    An atom is mostly empty space. Under this much pressure that space is closed up entirely, and what is left is packed solid — which is where the name comes from.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    The density is genuinely hard to picture.

    A teaspoon of waterabout 5 gramsA teaspoon of neutron starabout a billiontonnes

    A single teaspoon of it would weigh about as much as a mountain. The whole object is roughly the width of a city and outweighs the entire Sun.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    Losing width makes it spin fantastically fast.

    A slowly turningcore Hundreds of turnsa secondSome sweep a beam past us and we hear a steady tick.

    The old core was already turning. Shrink a spinning thing and it speeds up, the way a skater pulls their arms in — so some of these spin hundreds of times a second.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    Squeeze harder still and you get the other ending.

    Light corea white dwarfHeavier corea neutron starHeavier stillnothing stopsit — a blackhole

    A neutron star is the last stable stop. If the leftover core is heavy enough that even this cannot hold it up, nothing can, and it keeps collapsing into a black hole.

    The first one found was mistaken for a signal from another civilisation, and nicknamed LGM-1 for Little Green Men.

The short version

A supernova leaves its crushed core behind as a neutron star: city-sized, heavier than the Sun, and spinning hundreds of times a second.

Try it yourself

Tuck your arms in while spinning on an office chair. That speed-up is the same rule, on a much gentler scale.

Tags