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The temperature where air gives up

What Is the Dew Point?

Cool any air far enough and its invisible water has to become visible.

1 Air holdinginvisiblevapour2 Cool it down3 At one exacttemperature,water appears
Not a guess — a specific temperature for today's air.
  1. Step 1 of 5

    Warm air holds more water than cold air.

    0 °Cholds verylittle10 °Cholds twice asmuch20 °Cholds twice asmuch again

    The limit rises steeply with temperature. Air at twenty degrees can hold roughly twice the vapour that air at ten degrees can.

  2. Step 2 of 5

    Cooling shrinks the limit, not the water.

    Warm air Plenty of room for thevapourCooled air Same vapour, much lessroom

    The vapour in the air does not go anywhere as things cool. The container it is allowed to sit in simply gets smaller.

  3. Step 3 of 5

    At one temperature the two meet.

    Vapour in the airHow much wateris presentHow much theair can hold

    That crossing point is the dew point. Below it the air is over-full and water must condense onto the nearest cold surface.

  4. Step 4 of 5

    Which is why cold things get wet.

    1 A cold glass2 Air beside itcools below thedew point3 Water condenseson the outside

    A glass from the fridge chills the air touching it below the dew point, and that air dumps its water onto the glass. Nothing leaks out of the drink.

  5. Step 5 of 5

    It tells you far more than humidity does.

    Dew point 5 °C Dry, comfortable airDew point 22 °C Oppressive, sticky air

    The dew point is an actual amount of water. A dew point above about eighteen degrees is what people mean by muggy, whatever the humidity percentage says.

    A cloud forms where rising air cools to its dew point, which is why cloud bases over an area are all at the same height.

The short version

The dew point is the temperature at which air becomes full of water, so cooling anything below it makes water appear.

Try it yourself

Put a metal spoon in the freezer for ten minutes. When you take it out, watch how fast it fogs — that is your room's dew point.

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